Correlation of the OCT Double-Layer Sign with Type 1 Non-Exudative Neovascularization on OCT-A in Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

: Early diagnosis of the exudative form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is very important for a timely first treatment, which is directly related to the preservation of functional visual acuity over a long period. The goal of this paper was to examine the correlation between the double-layer sign (DLS) and the presence of non-exudative macular neovascularization (MNV). : Our research included 60 patients with AMD, exudative in one eye and non-exudative in the other eye.

Interleukin 12 in the Acute Phase of the Immune Response after Excimer Laser Treatment.

Background And Objectives: The aim of the research was to investigate the differences in the concentrations of IL-12, IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-γ in tears after LASIK and PRK procedures.

Materials And Methods: The study included 68 myopic eyes up to -3.0 D refractive spherical equivalent, divided into two groups: Group 1 LASIK ( = 31) and Group 2 PRK ( = 37).

Triggerfish Recording of IOP Patterns in Combined HFDS Minimally Invasive Glaucoma and Cataract Surgery: A Prospective Study.

Background: The aim of the study is to investigate whether the circadian IOP rhythm can be influenced by combined cataract surgery with high frequency deep sclerotomy (HFDS) and whether intraocular pressure (IOP) can be significantly reduced by HFDS.

Methods: In our study 10 patients were included, in whom 24 h IOP monitoring was installed before and after HFDS/cataract surgery using a Triggerfish. HFDS is a minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS).

Why Use Ultrashort Pulses in Ophthalmology and Which Factors Affect Cut Quality.

The power density of femtosecond lasers and exposure time to the tissue are crucial for a successful procedure in terms of safety and precision. The reduction of the pulse duration allows reducing the quantity of the energy to be delivered to the tissue for disruption with strongly diminished mechanical and thermal collateral damage. The cutting effect of ultra-short pulses is very precise, minimally traumatic, safe, and predictable.

Multifocal Femto-PresbyLASIK in Pseudophakic Eyes.

Background: Presbyopia treatment in pseudophakic patients with a monofocal IOL is challenging. This study investigates the refractive results of femto-PresbyLASIK and analyzes presbyopia treatment in pseudophakic eyes.

Methods: 14 patients with 28 pseudophakic eyes were treated with femto-PresbyLASIK.

The assessment of the stability of the corneal structure after LASIK correction of myopia by different optical zone diameters.

Background/aim: Enlargement of optical zone (OZ) diameter during laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) correction of myopia postoperatively improves the optical outcome, however, it also leads to the increased stroma tissue consumption--progressive corneal thinning. The aim of this investigation was to present the possibility of safe OZ enlargement without impairing the structural stability of the cornea, while obtaining an improved optical outcome with LASIK treatment of short-sightedness.

Methods: Preoperative assessment of the cornea structure and prediction of the ablated stroma tissue consumption was conducted in 37 patients (74 eyes) treated for short-sightedness by means of the LASIK method.

Optical coherence tomography in the evaluation of structural changes in primary open-angle glaucoma with and without elevated intraocular pressure.

Background/aim: Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by damage of the retinal ganglion cells and their axons and glial cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences and connections between changes in the visual field and the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with normal and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP).

Methods: This prospective study included 38 patients (38 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma with normal intraocular pressure (NTG) and 50 patients (50 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure (HTG), paired by the same degree of structural glaucomatous changes in the optic nerve head and by age.

The acute phase of inflammatory response involved in the wound-healing process after excimer laser treatment.

Purpose: To evaluate the participation of proinflammatory cytokines in the acute phase of corneal wound-healing response after excimer laser treatment.

Methods: The study included 68 myopic eyes up to -3.0 diopters divided into two groups: 1) eyes treated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) (n=31) and 2) eyes treated with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) (n=37).

Validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) in Serbian patients.

Purpose: To test the validity and reliability of the Serbian version of the interviewer-administered format of the National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25).

Methods: The Serbian version of NEI VFQ-25 was translated in accordance with standard methods that have been adopted internationally. In order to assess the reliability and validity of the translated NEI VFQ-25, we used a sample of 105 patients with four different chronic ocular diseases.

Levels of interleukin-6 in tears before and after excimer laser treatment.

Background/aim: Immune response and consequent inflammatory process which originate on ocular surface after a trauma are mediated by cytokines. Photoablation of corneal stroma performed by excimer laser causes surgically induced trauma. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is mostly known as a proinflammatory cytokine.

The prevalence of pseudoexfoliation syndrome and possible systemic associations in patients scheduled for cataract surgery at the Military Medical Academy in Belgrade.

Background/aim: Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is an age-related systemic degenerative disorder characterized by the production and progressive accumulation of extracellular fibrillar eosinophilic material in the anterior segment of the eye. The aim of the study was to evaluate several clinical aspects of PEX, such as frequency of PEX and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), intraocular pressure (IOP), the type of lens opacity, and the possible relationship of PEX and systemic diseases.

Methods: All 674 cataract patients had a comprehensive eye examination, including slitlamp biomicroscopy before and after mydriasis, IOP measurement, and fundus examination.

[Photorefractive keratectomy for correction of myopia--our one-year experience].

Background/aim: Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), is commonly performed refractive surgical method worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of PRK in correction of various strengths of myopia and to assess how much corneal tissue is being removed with one diopter sphere (Dsph) correction by using different optical zones (OZ).

Methods: A prospective study with a follow-up period of 6 months included 55 patients of which 100 myopic eyes were treated by PRIK method (one eye was included in 10 patients).

[Evolution of cataract surgery: smaller incision--less complications].

Background/aim: Cataract surgery has become one of the safest procedures in medicine thanks to advances in technology and surgical techniques. Although minimal, we still witness different complications. The aim of this study was to compare visual outcome and complication rate in different techniques of cataract surgery, ie in cataract surgeries with various corneal incision width.

[Artificial monoblock lenses implantation following rupture of posterior capsule during phacoemulsification surgery].

Background/aim: Phacoemulsification is a modern surgical technique for cataract operations. Through minimal corneal wound (2.2-2.

[Laser in situ keratomyleusis (LASIK) for correction of myopia and hypermetropia--our one year experience].

Background/aim: Laser in situ keratamileusis (LASIK) is the most commonly used refractive surgical method worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of LASIK in the correction of myopia and hyperopia.

Methods: The study included myopic and hyperopic eyes with preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) = 1 (20/20), of the total number of 322 divided into 2 groups--1) myopic eyes (n = 241) which were divided into 4 subgroups according to the myopia strength: a) < or = -1.

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome denotes a common cluster of naturally connected risk factors including obesity, elevated blood pressure, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, proinflammatory state and prothrombotic state. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is an acute ischaemic disorder of the optic nerve head and may lead to severe visual loss.

Methods: We considered three patients with moderate degree of diabetic retinopathy and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.