Proof-of-Concept for Adjusted Surface Energies and Modified Fines as a Novel Concept in Particle Engineering for DPI Formulations.

Currently marketed dry powder inhaler (DPI) medicine lacks drug delivery performance due to insufficient powder dispersion. In carrier-based blends, incomplete drug detachment is typically attributed to excessive adhesion forces between carrier and drug particles. Adding force control agents (FCA) is known to increase drug detachment.

The role of intrinsic fines in the performance change of expired lactose carriers for DPI applications.

Dry powder inhalation offers a well-established administration route for either local or systemic drug delivery. Lactose-based powder blends still build the basis of respiratory drug delivery, despite of numerous emerging formulation approaches. The amount of fine lactose excipients, either extrinsic or intrinsic, crucially influences the aerodynamic performance of the corresponding blend.

The Influence of Relative Humidity and Storage Conditions on the Physico-chemical Properties of Inhalation Grade Fine Lactose.

Dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are favorable devices for the delivery of dry formulations to the lungs; still, they largely fail to deliver higher doses of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to the lower airways. Addition of fine particles of excipient (fines) to the blend of API and carrier was shown to improve aerosolization performance. Lactose monohydrate is ubiquitous excipient used for this purpose.

Surface energy considerations in ternary powder blends for inhalation.

The need for optimisation of DPI formulations is a main research motivation in respiratory drug delivery. Well-established formulations like carrier-based blends still show a lack of efficiency. The addition of extrinsic fine excipients is extensively discussed since decades, supported by a wide range of solid-state characteristics to understand their mechanism and classify influencing parameters.

In-Depth Comparison of Dry Particle Coating Processes Used in DPI Particle Engineering.

High-shear mixer coatings as well as mechanofusion processes are used in the particle-engineering of dry powder inhalation carrier systems. The aim of coating the carrier particle is usually to decrease carrier-drug adhesion. This study comprises the in-depth comparison of two established dry particle coating options.

Evaluation of the Physico-mechanical Properties and Electrostatic Charging Behavior of Different Capsule Types for Inhalation Under Distinct Environmental Conditions.

Capsule-based dry powder inhaler (DPI) products can be influenced by a multitude of interacting factors, including electrostatic charging. Tribo-charging is a process of charge transfer impacted by various factors, i.e.

Powder flow analysis: A simple method to indicate the ideal amount of lactose fines in dry powder inhaler formulations.

Many efforts have been made in the past to understand the function of lactose fines which are given as a ternary component to carrier-based dry powder inhaler formulations. It is undisputed that fines can significantly improve the performance of such formulations, but choosing the right amount of fines is a crucial point, because too high concentrations can have negative effects on the dispersion performance. The aim of this study was to indicate the optimal concentration of fines with a simple test method.

The influence of high shear mixing on ternary dry powder inhaler formulations.

The blending process is a key step in the production of dry powder inhaler formulations, but only little is known about the influence of process parameters. This is especially true for high shear blending of ternary formulations. For this reason, this study aims to investigate the influence of high shear mixing process parameters (mixing time and rotation speed) on the fine particle fraction (FPF) of ternary mixtures when using budesonide as model drug, two different carrier materials and two different mixing orders.