Sleep-related leg movements in obstructive sleep apnea: definitions, determinants, and clinical consequences.

Study Objectives: To investigate (1) the effect of different scoring rules on leg movement (LM) classification in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); (2) determinants of respiratory event related leg movements (rLM); and (3) to relate LM parameters to clinical outcomes.

Methods: (1) LM classification was compared between the World Association of Sleep Medicine (WASM) 2006 and the WASM 2016 rules in 336 participants with apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5; (2) determinants and features of rLM were investigated with logistic mixed regression in 172 participants with AHI ≥ 10 and respiratory disturbance index (RDI) ≥ 15, and (3) LM parameters were compared for patients with and without cardiovascular events and related to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) adherence.

Results: WASM-2016 scoring significantly reduced periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS) frequency in OSA participants even when only considering the new periodicity criteria.

Sleep-Related Leg Movements in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack and Controls.

Background: Periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) have been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and there is a high prevalence of PLMS found in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We evaluated patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) for PLMS and respiratory related leg movements (RRLM), versus a control group without TIA.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with TIA and 34 patients with no vascular diagnosis were referred for polysomnography.

Stroke and other cardiovascular events in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and the effect of continuous positive airway pressure.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a known-risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. There are indications that treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) reduces the risk of new cardiovascular events. In this study, we analyzed the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with OSA and compared for the impact of CPAP therapy.

Occurrence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep breathing disorder with episodes of upper airway obstructions. Patients with cardiovascular diseases such as myocardial infarction and stroke show a high prevalence of OSAS. Several studies focus on stroke and not on transient ischemic attack (TIA), suggesting it could be a symptom after stroke.

Cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma of adult onset: two patients and a review of the literature.

Ganglioneuroblastoma is a rare tumor variant of neuroblastoma. Only five cases have been observed in the adult brain, and we report here on two more adult patients with cerebral ganglioneuroblastoma. Additionally, a review was carried out on all 50 published adult cases with ganglioneuroblastoma, located in the adrenal gland (9), mediastinum (8), retroperitoneal area (7), the brain parenchyma (7), or the spinal cord (3).