Targeting mitochondrial metabolism with CPI-613 in chemoresistant ovarian tumors.

Background: There is evidence indicating that chemoresistance in tumor cells is mediated by the reconfiguration of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, leading to heightened mitochondrial activity and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Previously, we have shown that ovarian cancer cells that are resistant to chemotherapy display increased OXPHOS, mitochondrial function, and metabolic flexibility. To exploit this weakness in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells, we examined the effectiveness of the mitochondrial inhibitor CPI-613 in treating preclinical ovarian cancer.

The prognostic impact of substantial lymphovascular space invasion in women with node negative FIGO stage I uterine carcinoma.

Objective: Substantial lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI) is an important predictor of lymph node (LN) involvement in women with endometrial carcinoma. We studied the prognostic significance of substantial LVSI in patients with 2009-FIGO stage-I uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC) who all had pathologic negative nodal evaluation (PNNE).

Methods: Pathologic specimens were retrieved and LVSI was quantified (focal or substantial) in women with stage-I EC who had a hysterectomy and PNNE.

Intermittent fasting induced ketogenesis inhibits mouse epithelial ovarian cancer by promoting antitumor T cell response.

In various cancer models, dietary interventions have been shown to inhibit tumor growth, improve anticancer drug efficacy, and enhance immunity, but no such evidence exists for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the most lethal gynecologic cancer. The anticancer immune responses induced by 16-h intermittent fasting (IF) were studied in mice with EOC. IF consistently reduced metabolic growth factors and cytokines that stimulate tumor growth, creating a tumor-hostile environment.

Recurrence Risk Stratification for Women With FIGO Stage I Uterine Endometrioid Carcinoma Who Underwent Surgical Lymph Node Evaluation.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the recurrence risk based on the number of prognostic factors for patients with stage I uterine endometrioid carcinoma (EC) who underwent surgical lymph node evaluation (SLNE) and were managed with observation.

Methods: We queried our database for women with FIGO-2009 stage I EC who underwent surgical staging including SLNE. Multivariate analysis with stepwise model selection was used to determine independent risk factors for 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS).

A patient perspective on applying intermittent fasting in gynecologic cancer.

Objective: Researchers sought patient feedback on a proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which gynecological cancer patients would modify their diets with intermittent fasting to gain insight into patients' perspectives, receptivity, and potential obstacles. A convenience sample of 47 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the proposed RCT provided their feedback on the feasibility and protocols of the RCT using a multi-method approach consisting of focus groups (n = 8 patients) and surveys (n = 36 patients).

Results: Patients were generally receptive to the concept of intermittent fasting, and many expressed an interest in attempting it themselves.

Intermittent Fasting induced ketogenesis inhibits mouse epithelial ovarian tumors by promoting anti-tumor T cell response.

Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer with limited genetic alterations identified that can be therapeutically targeted. In tumor bearing mice, short-term fasting, fasting mimicking diet and calorie restriction enhance the activity of antineoplastic treatment by modulating systemic metabolism and boosting anti-tumor immunity. We tested the outcome of sixteen-hour intermittent fasting (IF) on mouse EOC progression with focus on fasting driven antitumor immune responses.

Evaluation of a microperforate hymen leading to the incidental diagnosis of a borderline ovarian tumour.

Microperforate hymens are rare anatomical variants with an unknown incidence and very few reported cases. Borderline ovarian tumours are similarly uncommon, with an incidence of approximately 0.002%-0.

Divergent Metabolic Effects of Metformin Merge to Enhance Eicosapentaenoic Acid Metabolism and Inhibit Ovarian Cancer In Vivo.

Metformin is being actively repurposed for the treatment of gynecologic malignancies including ovarian cancer. We investigated if metformin induces analogous metabolic changes across ovarian cancer cells. Functional metabolic analysis showed metformin caused an immediate and sustained decrease in oxygen consumption while increasing glycolysis across A2780, C200, and SKOV3ip cell lines.

Quantification of recurrence risk based on number of adverse prognostic factors in women with stage I uterine endometrioid carcinoma.

Objective: The goal was to develop an updated model to predict the risk of recurrence, based on the number of adverse pathologic features in women with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I uterine endometrioid carcinoma, who did not undergo any adjuvant treatment.

Material And Methods: Women at a single center who underwent surgical staging without adjuvant therapy between January 1990 and December 2019 were included. Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify independent predictors of relapse free survival (RFS).

Matched-pair Analysis for Survival Endpoints Between Women With Early-stage Uterine Carcinosarcoma and Uterine Serous Carcinoma.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare survival endpoints between women with uterine carcinosarcoma and those with uterine serous carcinoma utilizing matching analysis.

Methods: Patients with stages I to II who underwent hysterectomy at our institution were included in this analysis. Patients with carcinosarcoma were then matched to patients with serous carcinoma based on stage, and adjuvant management received (observation, radiation treatment alone, chemotherapy alone, or combined modality with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

Folic acid tagged nanoceria as a novel therapeutic agent in ovarian cancer.

Background: Nanomedicine is a very promising field and nanomedical drugs have recently been used as therapeutic agents against cancer. In a previous study, we showed that Nanoceria (NCe), nanoparticles of cerium oxide, significantly inhibited production of reactive oxygen species, cell migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells in vitro, without affecting cell proliferation and significantly reduced tumor growth in an ovarian cancer xenograft nude model. Increased expression of folate receptor-α, an isoform of membrane-bound folate receptors, has been described in ovarian cancer.

Metformin prevents aggressive ovarian cancer growth driven by high-energy diet: similarity with calorie restriction.

Caloric restriction (CR) was recently demonstrated by us to restrict ovarian cancer growth in vivo. CR resulted in activation of energy regulating enzymes adenosine monophosphate activated kinase (AMPK) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) followed by downstream inhibition of Akt-mTOR. In the present study, we investigated the effects of metformin on ovarian cancer growth in mice fed a high energy diet (HED) and regular diet (RD) and compared them to those seen with CR in an immunocompetent isogeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer.

A modulating effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a tea catechin, on the bladder of rats exposed to water avoidance stress.

Aims: To examine the effect of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, on the bladder of rats exposed to water avoidance stress (WAS).

Methods: Twenty female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups of five. The first group was exposed to WAS for7 days.