Extracellular proteolysis plays an essential role in synaptic remodeling that is indispensable for cognitive function. The extracellular serine protease neurotrypsin was implicated in cognitive function, because humans lacking a functional form of neurotrypsin suffer from severe mental retardation. By immunoelectron microscopy, neurotrypsin has been localized to presynaptic terminals, suggesting a local proteolytic function after its synaptic release.
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