Performance Anxiety in Radiology Education and Clinical Practice.

Performance anxiety is fear, anxiety, or avoidance of performative tasks, due to possible evaluation or criticism by others. Performance anxiety is well described in public speakers, musicians, and even surgeons. Its impact on radiologists and especially radiology trainees has not been explored.

Congenital segmental dilatation of the colon in a newborn: a radiologic perspective of an unusual entity.

A newborn with congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine affecting the colon is presented. This rare condition, unrelated to Hirschsprung's disease, may affect any portion of the bowel and is characterized by focal dilatation of a segment of bowel flanked by normal proximal and distal bowel. While reported in the surgical literature, congenital segmental dilatation of the intestine has not been reported in the pediatric radiology literature even though pediatric radiologists may be the first to encounter imaging suggesting the diagnosis.

Pathogen evasion of social immunity.

Treating sick group members is a hallmark of collective disease defence in vertebrates and invertebrates alike. Despite substantial effects on pathogen fitness and epidemiology, it is still largely unknown how pathogens react to the selection pressure imposed by care intervention. Using social insects and pathogenic fungi, we here performed a serial passage experiment in the presence or absence of colony members, which provide social immunity by grooming off infectious spores from exposed individuals.

Magnetic resonance imaging following the demonstration of a normal common bile duct on ultrasound in children with suspected choledocholithiasis: what is the benefit?

Background: The role of MRI in evaluating children with an in situ gallbladder and suspected choledocholithiasis following a negative or inconclusive US is unclear.

Objective: To determine whether MRI benefits children with suspected choledocholithiasis and a normal common bile duct (CBD) without stones on US.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a retrospective 10-year review of paired US and MRI (within 10 days) in children 18 years or younger with suspected choledocholithiasis.

Utilizing community engagement studios to inform clinical trial design at a Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease.

Despite the disproportionate burden of Alzheimer's disease in older adults of color, the scientific community continues to grapple with underrepresentation of racial and ethnic minorities in clinical research. Our Center of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease (CEAD) collaborated with a local community partner to conduct community engagement (CE) studios to effectively involve our community of diverse older adults in the early planning stages of a clinical trial. Given the COVID-19 pandemic, the in-person studio format was adapted to allow for virtual, real-time participation.

Social immunity modulates competition between coinfecting pathogens.

Coinfections with multiple pathogens can result in complex within-host dynamics affecting virulence and transmission. While multiple infections are intensively studied in solitary hosts, it is so far unresolved how social host interactions interfere with pathogen competition, and if this depends on coinfection diversity. We studied how the collective disease defences of ants - their social immunity - influence pathogen competition in coinfections of same or different fungal pathogen species.

Met-CCL5 modifies monocyte subpopulations during liver fibrosis regression.

Fibrosis or scarring of the liver parenchyma is a mainstay of chronic liver diseases and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Since complete scarring of the liver develops over several decades, therapeutic intervention with the aim of ameliorating fibrosis is of great clinical interest. In a recent study, we could identify the chemokine receptor antagonist Met-CCL5 as a potential compound to inhibit fibrosis progression and accelerate its regression.

Social transfer of pathogenic fungus promotes active immunisation in ant colonies.

Due to the omnipresent risk of epidemics, insect societies have evolved sophisticated disease defences at the individual and colony level. An intriguing yet little understood phenomenon is that social contact to pathogen-exposed individuals reduces susceptibility of previously naive nestmates to this pathogen. We tested whether such social immunisation in Lasius ants against the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae is based on active upregulation of the immune system of nestmates following contact to an infectious individual or passive protection via transfer of immune effectors among group members--that is, active versus passive immunisation.