Trial to compare mixed-use (multi-use and single-use) intermittent catheter management with single-use management over 12 months (The MultICath Trial): protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Evaluating the safety and acceptability of reusing catheters for intermittent catheterisation (IC) is one of the top 10 continence research priorities identified by the UK James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership in 2008. There are an estimated 50 000 IC users in England and this number is rising. Globally, both single-use catheters (thrown away after use) and multi-use/reusable ones (cleaned between uses) are used.

Age and cigarette smoking are independently associated with the cutaneous vascular response to local warming.

Purpose: To investigate the relative impacts of age and cigarette smoking on cutaneous blood flow and flow motion.

Experimental Design: Skin blood flux was measured before and during the hyperaemic response to thermal warming of the skin to 43 degrees C using laser Doppler fluximetry (LDF) in 28 habitual smokers (5.4 [11.