[MEDICAL STUDIES IN EXTREME SITUATION: THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN WARSAW GHETTO].

MEDICAL STUDIES IN EXTREME SITUATION: THE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE IN WARSAW GHETTO.

["AN UNFINISHED SYMPHONY": MEDICINE DURING THE WARSAW GHETTO UPRISING].

This year marks the anniversary of the 80th year of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943 -2023), a very important and significant turning point in the history of the Holocaust. The Uprising is not the only demonstration of courage and strength, in rebelling against the brutal Nazi oppressor: there was another form of intellectual and spiritual resistance in the ghetto - medical resistance. Physicians, nurses, and other healthcare professionals resisted.

[THE FATE OF THE JEWISH STAFF OF THE MEDICAL INSTITUTE IN THE CITY OF STAVROPOL DURING THE HOLOCAUST].

In the first two decades of the 21st century, research on the history of Jewish medicine during the Holocaust expanded. Studies were written on the medical activity in German-occupied areas, particularly the large and medium-sized ghettos in Poland, Lithuania, and Czechoslovakia, in addition to Holland, Hungary, and Germany, and Jewish physicians' activity in the camps. Conspicuously absent is the study of Soviet Jewish medicine and physicians in areas occupied by the Germans in World War II with the German offensive against the Soviet Union, which began on 22 June 1941.