Comparing malignant monocytosis across the updated WHO and ICC classifications of 2022.

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of hematolymphoid tumors and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) of 2022 introduced major changes to the definition of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). To assess its qualitative and quantitative implications for patient care, we started with 3311 established CMML cases (according to WHO 2017 criteria) and included 2130 oligomonocytosis cases fulfilling the new CMML diagnostic criteria. Applying both 2022 classification systems, 356 and 241 of oligomonocytosis cases were newly classified as myelodysplastic (MD)-CMML (WHO and ICC 2022, respectively), most of which were diagnosed as myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) according to the WHO 2017 classification.

Pipecolic acid synthesis is required for systemic acquired resistance and plant-to-plant-induced immunity in barley.

Defense responses in plants are based on complex biochemical processes. Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) helps to fight infections by (hemi-)biotrophic pathogens. One important signaling molecule in SAR is pipecolic acid (Pip), accumulation of which is dependent on the aminotransferase ALD1 in Arabidopsis.

Surgical results of 158 petroclival meningiomas with special focus on standard craniotomies.

Objective: The goal of this retrospective study is the evaluation of risk factors for postoperative neurological deficits after petroclival meningioma (PCM) surgery with special focus on standard craniotomies.

Materials And Methods: One-hundred-fifty-eight patients were included in the study, of which 133 patients suffered from primary and 25 from recurrent PCM. All patients were operated on and evaluated concerning age, tumor size, histology, pre- and postoperative cranial nerve (CN) deficits, morbidity, mortality, and surgical complications.

Analysis of Innate Immune Responses Against Pathogenic Bacteria in Arabidopsis, Tomato, and Barley.

The immune status of plants can be evaluated by monitoring the propagation of pathogens. Plants defend themselves against pathogen attack through an intricate network of phytohormone-driven innate immune responses. Of these, salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense responses can be assessed in planta by monitoring the propagation of biotrophic and hemi-biotrophic pathogens.

Immunity-associated volatile emissions of β-ionone and nonanal propagate defence responses in neighbouring barley plants.

Plants activate biochemical responses to combat stress. (Hemi-)biotrophic pathogens are fended off by systemic acquired resistance (SAR), a primed state allowing plants to respond faster and more strongly upon subsequent infection. Here, we show that SAR-like defences in barley (Hordeum vulgare) are propagated between neighbouring plants, which respond with enhanced resistance to the volatile cues from infected senders.

Systemic propagation of immunity in plants.

Systemic immunity triggered by local plant-microbe interactions is studied as systemic acquired resistance (SAR) or induced systemic resistance (ISR) depending on the site of induction and the lifestyle of the inducing microorganism. SAR is induced by pathogens interacting with leaves, whereas ISR is induced by beneficial microbes interacting with roots. Although salicylic acid (SA) is a central component of SAR, additional signals exclusively promote systemic and not local immunity.

Systemic acquired resistance networks amplify airborne defense cues.

Salicylic acid (SA)-mediated innate immune responses are activated in plants perceiving volatile monoterpenes. Here, we show that monoterpene-associated responses are propagated in feed-forward loops involving the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) signaling components pipecolic acid, glycerol-3-phosphate, and LEGUME LECTIN-LIKE PROTEIN1 (LLP1). In this cascade, LLP1 forms a key regulatory unit in both within-plant and between-plant propagation of immunity.

Pipecolic Acid Is Induced in Barley upon Infection and Triggers Immune Responses Associated with Elevated Nitric Oxide Accumulation.

Pipecolic acid (Pip) is an essential component of systemic acquired resistance, priming resistance in against (hemi)biotrophic pathogens. Here, we studied the potential role of Pip in bacteria-induced systemic immunity in barley. Exudates of barley leaves infected with the systemic immunity-inducing pathogen pv.