Maternal vitamin A and D levels during pregnancy may influence the bone health of children as they grow, particularly in terms of bone mineral content (BMC) at age nine.
In a study involving 855 pregnant women, researchers measured vitamin levels in different trimesters and assessed the bone health of their children years later.
Results showed a significant increase in vitamin deficiencies during pregnancy, and a specific negative link between mid-pregnancy vitamin A levels and spine BMC in boys, but not in girls, with no significant findings related to vitamin D.