Apathy correlates with cognitive performance, functional disability, and HIV RNA plasma levels in HIV-positive individuals.

We examined the relationship of apathy with neurocognitive performance, age, disease markers, and functional disability in 116 HIV-infected individuals. Apathy was assessed with the Apathy Evaluation Scale and was significantly associated with highest HIV plasma level, functional disability, and neurocognitive performance. Individuals with higher apathy levels demonstrated a stronger association between age and processing speed performance.

Cognitive reserve protects against apathy in individuals with human immunodeficiency virus.

Apathy is associated with impaired neuropsychological functioning in individuals with HIV. While cognitive reserve (CR) delays neurocognitive decline, CR's relationship with apathy has never been studied. We examined CR's association with apathy in 116 HIV-positive individuals recruited from an urban AIDS center and assessed whether this relationship is moderated by age and/or disease severity.

The impact of mass incarceration on outpatients in the Bronx: a card study.

Objective: We examined the impact of arrest and incarceration on primary care patients in the Bronx, New York.

Methods: Patients at three clinics were asked eight questions concerning current and past involvement in criminal proceedings, arrest, and incarceration.

Results: One hundred eighteen patients were surveyed.