Pulmonary BCG induces lung-resident macrophage activation and confers long-term protection against tuberculosis.

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is an attenuated bacterial vaccine used to protect against () in regions where infections are highly prevalent. BCG is currently delivered by the intradermal route, but alternative routes of administration are of great interest, including intrapulmonary delivery to more closely mimic respiratory infection. In this study, mice subjected to pulmonary delivery of green fluorescent protein–tagged strains of virulent () and attenuated (BCG) mycobacteria were studied to better characterize infected lung cell subsets.

Two multi-fragment recombination events resulted in the β-lactam-resistant serotype 11A-ST6521 related to Spain9V-ST156 pneumococcal clone spreading in south-western Europe, 2008 to 2016.

BackgroundThe successful pneumococcal clone Spain9V-ST156 (PMEN3) is usually associated with vaccine serotypes 9V and 14.AimOur objective was to analyse the increase of a serotype 11A variant of PMEN3 as cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Spain and its spread in south-western Europe.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicentre study of adult IPD in Spain (2008-16).

An Uncharacterized Member of the Gls24 Protein Superfamily Is a Putative Sensor of Essential Amino Acid Availability in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Proteins belonging to the Gls24 superfamily are involved in survival of pathogenic Gram-positive cocci under oligotrophic conditions and other types of stress, by a still unknown molecular mechanism. In Firmicutes, this superfamily includes three different valine-rich orthologal families (Gls24A, B, C) with different potential interactive partners. Whereas the Streptococcus pneumoniae Δgls24A deletion mutant experienced a general long growth delay, the Δgls24B mutant grew as the parental strain in the semisynthetic AGCH medium but failed to grow in the complex Todd-Hewitt medium.

Ecophysiological characterization of Penicillium expansum population in lleida (Spain).

Penicillium expansum, a patulin producer fungus, is the most important fungus causing decay in cold stored both apples and pears. This can lead to patulin contaminated by-products. The aim of this assay was to evaluate the phenotypical and physiological variability in the population of P.