Association of SIGLEC9 Expression with Cytokine Expression, Tumor Grading, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, AKT Gene Mutations, and MSI Status in Colorectal Cancer.

SIGLEC9 (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 9) is a molecule thought to have a significant influence on the immune properties of the colorectal cancer (CRC) tumor microenvironment (TME). In our study, we assessed the expression of the SIGLEC9 protein in CRC tissue and the surgical margin tissue. Using RT-PCR, we analyzed mutations in the KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, and AKT genes.

Brain disorders in euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis patients.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of thyroid follicular cells by thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), leading to hypothyroidism. Hashimoto's encephalopathy (HE) is associated with elevated levels of antithyroid antibodies. An important question is whether brain alterations precede the development of HE and are present in euthyroid patients with HT, and what pathomechanisms could be responsible for these changes.

B7H4 Role in Solid Cancers: A Review of the Literature.

Anti-cancer immunotherapies entirely changed the therapeutic approach to oncological patients. However, despite the undeniable success of anti-PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 antibody treatments, their effectiveness is limited either by certain types of malignancies or by the arising problem of cancer resistance. B7H4 (aliases B7x, B7H4, B7S1, VTCN1) is a member of a B7 immune checkpoint family with a distinct expression pattern from classical immune checkpoint pathways.

The Importance of HHLA2 in Solid Tumors-A Review of the Literature.

Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing field of medicine that aims to use the host's immune mechanisms to inhibit and eliminate cancer cells. Antibodies targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and its ligand PD-L1 are used in various cancer therapies. However, the most thoroughly researched pathway targeting PD-1/PD-L1 has many limitations, and multiple malignancies resist its effects.

Prognostic Value of B7H4 Expression in Patients with Solid Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

V-set domain-containing T-cell activation inhibitor 1 (aliases VTCN1, B7H4) participates in tumour immune escape by delivering inhibitory signals to T cells. The purpose of this article was to assess the B7H4 prognostic value in solid cancers. Three databases were searched for relevant articles.

Prognostic Value of HHLA2 in Patients with Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis.

HHLA2 is a checkpoint from the B7 family that can play a co-stimulatory or co-inhibitory role in cancer, depending on the binding receptor. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the relationship between HHLA2 levels and its impact on the prognosis of patients with solid cancers. The study used data from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane and SCOPUS databases.

B7H3 Role in Reshaping Immunosuppressive Landscape in MSI and MSS Colorectal Cancer Tumours.

The study aimed to assess the expression of B7H3 concerning clinicopathological and histological parameters, including MSI/MSS status, CD-8 cells, tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), budding, TNM scale and grading. Moreover, we analyzed the B7H3-related pathways using available online datasets and the immunological context of B7H3 expression, through the 48-cytokine screening panel of cancer tissues homogenates, immunogenic features and immune composition. The study included 158 patients diagnosed with CRC.

Do Elevated YKL-40 Levels Drive the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Colorectal Cancer? Assessment of the Association of the Expression of YKL-40, MMP-8, IL17A, and PD-L1 with Coexisting Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, and Active Smoking.

The influence of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40 or CHI3L1) expression on the immunological properties of the tumor microenvironment, which may affect the effectiveness of immunotherapy, is currently not sufficiently understood in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between YKL-40 expression and the immunological properties of the tumor microenvironment in CRC. We performed in silico analysis, including analysis of immune cell infiltration scores and the immune landscape depending on YKL-40 expression, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and analysis of three Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets.

Overexpression and Role of HHLA2, a Novel Immune Checkpoint, in Colorectal Cancer.

The study aimed to investigate correlations between HHLA2 levels and parameters, including microsatellite instability (MSI) status, CD8+ cells, and histopathological features: budding, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), TNM scale, grading, cytokines, chemokines, and cell signaling moleculesin colorectal cancer (CRC). Furthermore, the immune infiltration landscape and HHLA2-related pathways in colorectal cancer using available online datasets were analyzed. The study included 167 patients diagnosed with CRC.

B7H4 Expression Is More Frequent in MSS Status Colorectal Cancer and Is Negatively Associated with Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes.

The immunotherapies based on ICIs in CRC are nowadays limited to microsatellite unstable tumours which are approximately 15% of all CRC cases. There are a few new immune checkpoints belonging to the B7 family, including B7H4. B7H4 expression is associated with so-called "cold tumours", and its function is linked to the downregulation of various immune cell populations.

Assessment of the RANTES Level Correlation and Selected Inflammatory and Pro-Angiogenic Molecules Evaluation of Their Influence on CRC Clinical Features: A Preliminary Observational Study.

: Assessment of RANTES level and concentrations of inflammatory cytokines: programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), interferon gamma IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), transforming growht factor β (TGF-β) (and angiogenesis factors: vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF C) in tumor and margin tissues of colorectal cancer (CRC,) and evaluation of RANTES influence on histopathological parameters (microvessel density (MVD), budding, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs)), in relation to patients' clinical features. : The study used 49 samples of tumor and margin tissues derived from CRC patients. To determinate the concentration of RANTES, PD-L1, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TGF-β, VEGF-A, and VEGF-C, we used the commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Periostin in Angiogenesis and Inflammation in CRC-A Preliminary Observational Study.

: To assess the periostin level and the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines: TNFα, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-17 in tumor and marginal tissues of CRC and to investigate the influence of periostin on angiogenesis by MVD (microvessel density) and concentration of VEGF-A in relation to clinicopathological parameters of patients. : The study used 47 samples of tumor and margin tissues derived from CRC patients. To determinate the concentration of periostin, VEGF-A, TNFα, IFNγ, IL-1β and IL-17, we used the commercially available enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay kit.

The Concentration of CMKLR1 Expression on Clinicopathological Parameters of Colorectal Cancer: A Preliminary Study.

: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second-most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Angiogenesis is crucial for cancer growth, infiltration of surrounding tissues, and metastasis and plays a key role in the pathogenesis of CRC. Chemerin/chemokine-like receptor 1 (CMKLR1) is one of the biochemical pathways involved in the regulation of angiogenesis in solid tumors.

The role of adipokines in leiomyomas development.

Introduction: Many women of premenopausal age suffer from uterine leiomyomas, which are benign tumors of the uterus. Despite the high prevalence of uterine leiomyomas underlying pathogenesis mechanisms are not fully elucidated. Early data showed a positive correlation between increased levels of adipose tissue and leiomyomas prevalence.

GDF-15 Level Correlates with CMKLR1 and VEGF-A in Tumor-free Margin in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, responsible for over 880 000 deaths each year. Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) is reported to be a promising diagnostic and prognostic factor in CRC. It induces pleiotropic effects in tumor cells: proliferation, stemness, invasion and metastasis.

miREIA - an immunoassay method in assessment of microRNA levels in tumor tissue-pilot study. The impact of miR-93-5p, miR-142-5p and IFNγ on PD-L1 level in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is the second and third most common cancer in females and males, respectively. The PD-L1/PD-1 immune checkpoint is an important source of immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and is associated with IFNγ. Recent studies have revealed that a significant number of tumor suppressive miRNAs can regulate the expression of PD-L1.

The role of genetic polymorphism within PD-L1 gene in cancer. Review.

The maintenance of homeostasis of the immune system depends on the balance between excitatory and inhibitory signals. Programmed death ligand (PD-L1) is a molecule which downregulates the immune system targeting the programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1). Under physiological conditions, the receptor is constitutively expressed in lymphocytes.

Assessment of CMKLR1 level in colorectal cancer and its correlation with angiogenic markers.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most common malignant neoplasm in men and third in women. It is also the third leading cause of cancer-related death, killing annually >700,000 patients in the world. The global burden of CRC is expected to increase by 60% to >2.