Role of NKCC1 and KCC2 during hypoxia-induced neuronal swelling in the neonatal neocortex.

Neonatal hypoxia causes cytotoxic neuronal swelling by the entry of ions and water. Multiple water pathways have been implicated in neurons because these cells lack water channels, and their membrane has a low water permeability. NKCC1 and KCC2 are cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) involved in water movement in various cell types.

Test-Retest Reliability and Responsiveness of PROMIS Sleep Short Forms Within an RCT in Women With Fibromyalgia.

Nonrestorative sleep is commonly reported by individuals with fibromyalgia, but there is limited information on the reliability and responsiveness of self-reported sleep measures in this population. (1) Examine the reliability and validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sleep measures in women with fibromyalgia, and (2) Determine the responsiveness of the PROMIS sleep measures to a daily transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) intervention in women with fibromyalgia over 4 weeks compared with other measures of restorative sleep. In a double-blinded, dual-site clinical trial, 301 women with fibromyalgia were randomly assigned to utilize either Active-TENS, Placebo-TENS, or No-TENS at home.

The Influence of Opioids on Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation Effects in Women With Fibromyalgia.

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) uses endogenous opioids to produce analgesia, and effectiveness can be reduced in opioid-tolerant individuals'. We examined TENS effectiveness (primary aim), and differences in fibromyalgia symptoms (secondary aim), in women with fibromyalgia regularly taking opioid (RTO) medications compared with women not- regularly taking opioids (not-RTO). Women (RTO n = 79; not-RTO not-n = 222) with fibromyalgia with daily pain levels ≥4 were enrolled and categorized into RTO (taking opioids at least 5 of 7 days in last 30 days) or not-RTO groups.

The outcomes and experience of pregnancy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy type R9.

Introduction: Published information about the experiences of pregnancy in limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is limited and does not specify LGMD type, limiting utility. We describe the experience and outcomes of pregnancy in a cohort of women with LGMD type R9 (LGMDR.

Methods: All women 18 y of age or older with a genetic and clinical diagnosis of LGMDR9 who are enrolled in the University of Iowa Wellstone dystroglycanopathy natural history study (clinicaltrials.

Factors Associated With Frequent Opioid Use in Children With Acute Recurrent and Chronic Pancreatitis.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to understand the association of frequent opioid use with disease phenotype and pain pattern and burden in children and adolescents with acute recurrent (ARP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Methods: Cross-sectional study of children <19 years with ARP or CP, at enrollment into the INSPPIRE cohort. We categorized patients as opioid "frequent use" (daily/weekly) or "nonfrequent use" (monthly or less, or no opioids), based on patient and parent self-report.

Physical activity is related to function and fatigue but not pain in women with fibromyalgia: baseline analyses from the Fibromyalgia Activity Study with TENS (FAST).

Background: Although exercise is an effective treatment for fibromyalgia, the relationships between lifestyle physical activity and multiple symptomology domains of fibromyalgia are not clear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to comprehensively examine the relationships between lifestyle physical activity with multiple outcome domains in women with fibromyalgia, including pain, fatigue, function, pain-related psychological constructs, and quality of life.

Methods: Women (N = 171), aged 20 to 70 years, diagnosed with fibromyalgia, recruited from an ongoing two-site clinical trial were included in this prespecified subgroup analysis of baseline data.

Reliability and Construct Validity of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Instruments in Women with Fibromyalgia.

Objective: The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) was developed to standardize measurement of clinically relevant patient-reported outcomes. This study evaluated the reliability and construct validity of select PROMIS static short-form (SF) instruments in women with fibromyalgia.

Design: Analysis of baseline data from the Fibromyalgia Activity Study with TENS (FAST), a randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.

The use of immunohistochemistry in detection of perineural invasion in mucoepidermoid carcinoma.

Objectives: To retrospectively study the prevalence of perineural invasion (PNI) in cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). The study evaluated if previously assessed PNI would be increased by re-review of the original hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) slides and also review of slides reacted immunohistochemically with S100 to enhance nerve visualization and whether this is associated with clinical outcome.

Study Design: Thirty-one cases were reviewed for PNI with H&E-stained slides as well as S-100-reacted slides.

An Analysis of Conjunctival Map Biopsies in Sebaceous Carcinoma.

Purpose: To evaluate the need for standardized conjunctival map biopsies in periocular sebaceous carcinoma and to formulate recommendations regarding map biopsy number, location, size, and utility based on analysis of biopsy locations, results, and outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective consecutive series of patients with sebaceous carcinoma treated at a tertiary care hospital from 1988 to 2013. Main outcome measures included conjunctival biopsy locations, number, size, and pathology.

Monocytosis and a Low Lymphocyte to Monocyte Ratio Are Effective Biomarkers of Ulcerative Colitis Disease Activity.

Background: Current biomarkers in ulcerative colitis (UC) are limited by their performance, cost, and limited availability in daily practice. This study examined alterations in the leukocyte profiles as biomarkers of UC activity, including the effects of age, gender, and medications.

Methods: Case-control study that included 110 UC subjects, 75 subjects with Clostridium difficile infection, and 75 non-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) subjects, randomly selected from a single-institution IBD database.

Effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain, function, and quality of life in fibromyalgia: a double-blind randomized clinical trial.

Background: Fibromyalgia is a common chronic pain condition that has a significant impact on quality of life and often leads to disability. To date, there have been few well-controlled trials assessing the utility of nonpharmacological treatment modalities such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the management of pain and improvement in function in individuals with fibromyalgia.

Objectives: The purpose of this study will be to complete a long-term, multicenter study to assess the effects of TENS in women with fibromyalgia.

Aerobic fitness and glycemic variability in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

Objective: This study examines the association of fitness on glycemic variability (GV) in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). GV has been associated with high frequency of hyper- and hypoglycemia.

Methods: Nineteen adolescents with T1DM, ages 14 to 19 years, underwent aerobic fitness testing to determine their maximal aerobic capacity (VO2 max).

Tracking donor RBC survival in premature infants: agreement of multiple populations of biotin-labeled RBCs with Kidd antigen-mismatched RBCs.

Background: Anemia, a common condition among critically ill premature infants, is affected by red blood cell (RBC) survival (RCS). We hypothesized that transfused allogeneic Kidd antigen-mismatched RBCs would demonstrate the same concurrent RCS tracking as RBCs multilabeled at separate, discrete low densities with biotin (BioRBCs).

Methods: Allogeneic RBCs from adult donors were labeled at four biotin densities, mixed, and transfused into 17 anemic premature infants.

Are treatments for vasovagal syncope effective? A meta-analysis.

Background: Therapies used to treat vaso-vagal syncope (VVS) recurrence have not been proven effective in single studies.

Methods: Comprehensive search of PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Central databases of published trials was done. Randomized or non-randomized studies, comparing the intervention of interest to control group(s), with the endpoint of spontaneous recurrence or syncope on head-up tilt test, were included.

Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on pain, pain sensitivity, and function in people with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is commonly used for the management of pain; however, its effects on several pain and function measures are unclear.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of high-frequency TENS (HF-TENS) and low-frequency TENS (LF-TENS) on several outcome measures (pain at rest, movement-evoked pain, and pain sensitivity) in people with knee osteoarthritis.

Design: The study was a double-blind, randomized clinical trial.

In vitro fertilization patients support a single blastocyst transfer policy.

Objective: To determine whether patients support a mandatory single blastocyst transfer (mSBT) policy in IVF.

Design: Prospective survey study.

Setting: Academic hospital-based infertility center.

The Agility total ankle arthroplasty. Seven to sixteen-year follow-up.

Background: We previously reported the intermediate-term results with the early version of the Agility total ankle replacement, a unique design that takes advantage of arthrodesis of the tibiofibular syndesmosis for tibial component support. The purpose of this study was to report longer-term results of this procedure in the treatment of disabling ankle arthritis.

Methods: We conducted an independent review of all Agility total ankle replacements performed by a single surgeon between 1984 and 1994.