State-of-the-Art Review: Ocular Infections.

Collaborations between ophthalmologists and infectious disease specialists are critical for optimizing care of many patients with eye infections. We review challenges in common and uncommon eye infections to promote better understanding of these infections and prioritize areas for further research.

Ocular syphilis in patients with nonreactive RPR and positive treponemal serologies: a retrospective observational cohort study.

Background: Screening for syphilis increasingly relies on positive treponemal rather than nontreponemal tests (rapid plasma reagin [RPR]). We compared ocular syphilis in patients with nonreactive versus positive RPR.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational cohort study of ocular syphilis treated at two New England hospitals 1996-2021 based on ophthalmologist-diagnosed eye findings and positive treponemal serology, regardless of RPR.

Molecular Detection and Typing of in Non-Ocular Samples from Patients with Ocular Syphilis.

Introduction: Ocular syphilis is a rare but potentially sight-threatening manifestation of infection with the spirochete subspecies . Molecular strain typing of clinical specimens obtained from patients with syphilis can provide useful epidemiological and clinical information. In this study, we assess the utility of non-ocular clinical samples in strain typing for patients with diagnosed ocular syphilis.

Tecovirimat for the Treatment of Human Monkeypox: An Initial Series From Massachusetts, United States.

A large, ongoing multicountry outbreak of human monkeypox has the potential to cause considerable morbidity and mortality. Therapeutics for the treatment of smallpox, a related , may be used and affect the natural history of monkeypox. We present 3 patients from our hospitals treated with tecovirimat, a pan- inhibitor currently available under an expanded access investigational new drug protocol for monkeypox.

Posterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in the Setting of Cocaine-Induced Orbital and Sinonasal Inflammation.

Intranasal cocaine abuse can lead to significant sinus and orbital complications, including optic neuropathy. A 46-year-old man with a history of recurrent cocaine-induced sino-orbital inflammation and infection with bony destruction presented with acute, painless, vision loss. Examination revealed no light perception vision.

A Rare Complication of Chronic Otitis Media: Central Skull Base Osteomyelitis Managed With Combined Endoscopic Transmastoid and Transsphenoidal Debridement.

Objective: This report describes a case of otogenic central skull base osteomyelitis (CSBO) requiring complex surgical intervention and reviews the literature on management of this entity.

Patient: A 76-year-old man presented with a nearly 20-year history of chronic otomastoiditis and cholesteatoma with ultimate progression to severe CSBO with involvement of the petrous apex, clivus, and craniocervical junction.

Interventions: CSBO was managed with culture-directed antibiotic therapy, hyperbaric oxygen, and surgical intervention including serial combined endoscopic transmastoid and transsphenoidal debridements.

Pneumonia, urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and Clostridioides difficile infection following major head and neck free and pedicled flap surgeries.

Objectives: Medical postoperative infections (MPIs) are important causes of morbidity following major head and neck free and pedicled flap reconstruction, but the incidence, time of onset, and microbiology are not well characterized.

Materials And Methods: Medical records were reviewed of all head and neck flap surgeries performed 2009-2014 at an academic medical center. Postoperative pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), bloodstream infection (BSI), Clostridioides difficile (CDI), and surgical site infections (SSI) were noted.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnostic Clinical Decision Support: A Pre-Post Implementation Study of CORAL (COvid Risk cALculator).

Background: Isolation of hospitalized persons under investigation (PUIs) for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reduces nosocomial transmission risk. Efficient evaluation of PUIs is needed to preserve scarce healthcare resources. We describe the development, implementation, and outcomes of an inpatient diagnostic algorithm and clinical decision support system (CDSS) to evaluate PUIs.

Disseminated Intravascular Infection Caused by Case Report and Review of the Literature.

is a ubiquitous environmental saprophyte with worldwide distribution. Commonly found in soil and decomposing organic material [1, 2], can also be isolated from drinking water [3] and indoor and outdoor air [4-6]. In immunocompetent hosts, has been reported as a cause of locally invasive disease including prosthetic valve endocarditis [7, 8], endophthalmitis [9, 10], rhinosinusitis [11, 12], and dialysis-associated peritonitis [13, 14].

Otogenic brain abscesses: A systematic review.

Objective: Otogenic brain abscesses are one of the most significant life-threatening complications of otologic infections. Given their low prevalence, otogenic brain abscesses require a high index of suspicion for diagnosis. In this systematic review, we aim to provide an analysis of otogenic brain abscesses and describe common clinical signs and symptoms, bacteriology, location, treatment options, morbidity, and mortality.

Severe corneal ulcer with progression to endophthalmitis and high-grade bacteremia.

Purpose: Bacterial sepsis is a common consequence of many infectious processes. Here, we describe a case of a woman with a corneal ulcer who went on to develop group B streptococcal (GBS) endophthalmitis, bacteremia, and eventual loss of the eye.

Observations: A previously healthy, immunocompetent, middle aged, contact lens wearing female who, after freshwater boating in her contact lenses, developed a red, painful eye.

The role of infection and antibiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Objective: To review the current understanding of the role of infection and antibiotics in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Review Methods: PubMed literature search.

Results: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in adults is an inflammatory condition and the role of infection is unclear.

Treatment of Refractory Acute Retinal Necrosis with Intravenous Foscarnet or Cidofovir.

Purpose: To report use of intravenous foscarnet or cidofovir for the treatment of refractory acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Methods: Retrospective chart review.

Results: Four immunocompetent men aged 45-90 years presented with ARN from 2008-2014.