Enhanced NO Sensitivity of Vertically Stacked van der Waals Heterostructure Gas Sensor and Its Remarkable Electric and Mechanical Tunability.

Nanodevices based on van der Waals heterostructures have been predicted, and shown, to have unprecedented operational principles and functionalities that hold promise for highly sensitive and selective gas sensors with rapid response times and minimal power consumption. In this study, we fabricated gas sensors based on vertical MoS/WS van der Waals heterostructures and investigated their gas sensing capabilities. Compared with individual MoS or WS gas sensors, the MoS/WS van der Waals heterostructure gas sensors are shown to have enhanced sensitivity, faster response times, rapid recovery, and a notable selectivity, especially toward NO.

Miniaturized spectrometer with intrinsic long-term image memory.

Miniaturized spectrometers have great potential for use in portable optoelectronics and wearable sensors. However, current strategies for miniaturization rely on von Neumann architectures, which separate the spectral sensing, storage, and processing modules spatially, resulting in high energy consumption and limited processing speeds due to the storage-wall problem. Here, we present a miniaturized spectrometer that utilizes a single SnS/ReSe van der Waals heterostructure, providing photodetection, spectrum reconstruction, spectral imaging, long-term image memory, and signal processing capabilities.

Bimetallic (Ag and MgO) nanoparticles, Aloe vera extracts loaded xanthan gum nanocomposite for enhanced antibacterial and in-vitro wound healing activity.

We prepared nanocomposite (XG-AVE-Ag/MgO NCs) using the bimetallic Ag/MgO NPs, Aloe vera extract (AVE), and biopolymer (xanthan gum (XG)) to archive a synergetic antibacterial and wound healing activity. The changes in XRD peaks at 20° of XG-AVE-Ag/MgO NCs indicated the XG encapsulation. The XG-AVE-Ag/MgO NCs showed the zeta potential and zeta size of 151.

Field Effect Transistor Gas Sensors Based on Mechanically Exfoliated Van der Waals Materials.

The high surface-to-volume ratio and flatness of mechanically exfoliated van der Waals (vdW) layered materials make them an ideal platform to investigate the Langmuir absorption model. In this work, we fabricated field effect transistor gas sensors, based on a variety of mechanically exfoliated vdW materials, and investigated their electrical field-dependent gas sensing properties. The good agreement between the experimentally extracted intrinsic parameters, such as equilibrium constant and adsorption energy, and theoretically predicted values suggests validity of the Langmuir absorption model for vdW materials.

Photothermally responsive chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles for enhanced eradication of bacterial biofilms.

This work developed a pH/NIR responsive antibacterial agent (CS-FeNPs) composed of chitosan (CS) and FeO nanoparticles (FeNPs). CS triggers bacterial attraction through surface charge, while Fe acts as a photothermal agent (PTA). The CS-Fe NPs exhibited antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against both bacteria (G+/G-).

Light-Tunable Polarity and Erasable Physisorption-Induced Memory Effect in Vertically Stacked InSe/SnS Self-Powered Photodetector.

van der Waals heterojunctions with tunable polarity are being actively explored for more Moore and more-than-Moore device applications, as they can greatly simplify circuit design. However, inadequate control over the multifunctional operational states is still a challenge in their development. Here, we show that a vertically stacked InSe/SnS van der Waals heterojunction exhibits type-II band alignment, and its polarity can be tuned by an external electric field and by the wavelength and intensity of an illuminated light source.

Regulation of Survival Motor Neuron Gene Expression by Calcium Signaling.

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by homozygous () gene deletion, leaving a duplicate gene, , as the sole source of SMN protein. However, a defect in SMN2 splicing, involving exon 7 skipping, results in a low level of functional SMN protein. Therefore, the upregulation of SMN protein expression from the gene is generally considered to be one of the best therapeutic strategies to treat SMA.

Aristolactam BIII, a naturally derived DYRK1A inhibitor, rescues Down syndrome-related phenotypes.

Background: Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a significant pathogenic factor in Down syndrome (DS), wherein DYRK1A is overexpressed by 1.5-fold because of trisomy of human chromosome 21. Thus, DYRK1A inhibition is considered a therapeutic strategy to modify the disease.

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of 4-((1,2)-3-Hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol Isolated from Maxim. in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Zebrafish Larvae Model.

Maxim., a traditional folk medicinal plant, is widely distributed in Korea and China. In our previous study, we isolated a new phenylpropanoid compound, 4-((1,2)-3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methoxypropan-2-yl)-2-methoxyphenol (HHMP), from .

Protective Effect of Brassica napus L. Hydrosols against Inflammation Response in RAW 264.7 Cells.

Objective: To demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of Brassica napus L. hydrosols (BNH) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.

Charge density waves and degenerate modes in exfoliated monolayer 2H-TaS.

Charge density waves spontaneously breaking lattice symmetry through periodic lattice distortion, and electron-electron and electron-phonon inter-actions, can lead to a new type of electronic band structure. Bulk 2H-TaS is an archetypal transition metal dichalcogenide supporting charge density waves with a phase transition at 75 K. Here, it is shown that charge density waves can exist in exfoliated monolayer 2H-TaS and the transition temperature can reach 140 K, which is much higher than that in the bulk.

Mitochondrial relocation of a common synthetic antibiotic: A non-genotoxic approach to cancer therapy.

Tumor recurrence as a result of therapy-induced nuclear DNA lesions is a major issue in cancer treatment. Currently, only a few examples of potentially non-genotoxic drugs have been reported. Mitochondrial re-localization of ciprofloxacin, one of the most commonly prescribed synthetic antibiotics, is reported here as a new approach.

Sub-millimeter size high mobility single crystal MoSe monolayers synthesized by NaCl-assisted chemical vapor deposition.

Monolayer MoSe is a transition metal dichalcogenide with a narrow bandgap, high optical absorbance and large spin-splitting energy, giving it great promise for applications in the field of optoelectronics. Producing monolayer MoSe films in a reliable and scalable manner is still a challenging task as conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or exfoliation based techniques are limited due to the small domains/nanosheet sizes obtained. Here, based on NaCl assisted CVD, we demonstrate the simple and stable synthesis of sub-millimeter size single-crystal MoSe monolayers with mobilities ranging from 38 to 8 cm V s.

Improvement of spinal muscular atrophy via correction of the SMN2 splicing defect by Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. extract and Bruceine D.

Background: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare neuromuscular disease and a leading genetic cause of infant mortality. SMA is caused primarily by the deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, which leaves the duplicate gene SMN2 as the sole source of SMN protein. The splicing defect (exon 7 skipping) of SMN2 leads to an insufficient amount of SMN protein.

Long-term observation of Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense in a microfluidic channel.

We controlled and observed individual magneto-tactic bacteria (Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense) inside a [Formula: see text]-high microfluidic channel for over 4 h. After a period of constant velocity, the duration of which varied between bacteria, all observed bacteria showed a gradual decrease in their velocity of about [Formula: see text]. After coming to a full stop, different behaviour was observed, ranging from rotation around the centre of mass synchronous with the direction of the external magnetic field, to being completely immobile.

Manassantin B shows antiviral activity against coxsackievirus B3 infection by activation of the STING/TBK-1/IRF3 signalling pathway.

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) is an important human pathogen associated with the development of acute pancreatitis, myocarditis, and type 1 diabetes. Currently, no vaccines or antiviral therapeutics are approved for the prevention and treatment of CVB3 infection. We found that Saururus chinensis Baill extract showed critical antiviral activity against CVB3 infection in vitro.

Strategy for Fabricating Wafer-Scale Platinum Disulfide.

PtS is a newly developed group 10 2D layered material with high carrier mobility, wide band gap tunability, strongly bound excitons, symmetrical metallic and magnetic edge states, and ambient stability, making it attractive in nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic fields. To the aim of application, a large-scale synthesis is necessary. For transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) compounds, a thermally assisted conversion method has been widely used to fabricate wafer-scale thin films.

Photo-enhanced gas sensing of SnS with nanoscale defects.

Recently a SnS based NO gas sensor with a 30 ppb detection limit was demonstrated but this required high operation temperatures. Concurrently, SnS grown by chemical vapor deposition is known to naturally contain nanoscale defects, which could be exploited. Here, we significantly enhance the performance of a NO gas sensor based on SnS with nanoscale defects by photon illumination, and a detection limit of 2.

Facile analysis of protein-protein interactions in living cells by enriched visualization of the p-body.

Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in diverse biological processes and their misregulations are associated with a wide range of diseases. Especially, the growing attention to PPIs as a new class of therapeutic target is increasing the need for an efficient method of cell-based PPI analysis. Thus, we newly developed a robust PPI assay (SeePPI) based on the co-translocation of interacting proteins to the discrete subcellular compartment 'processing body' (p-body) inside living cells, enabling a facile analysis of PPI by the enriched fluorescent signal.

Analysis of differences in exercise recognition by constraints on physical activity of hospitalized cancer patients based on their medical history.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the differences among the hospitalized cancer patients on their perception of exercise and physical activity constraints based on their medical history. The study used questionnaire survey as measurement tool for 194 cancer patients (male or female, aged 20 or older) living in Seoul metropolitan area (Seoul, Gyeonggi, Incheon). The collected data were analyzed using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis -test, and one-way distribution using statistical program SPSS 18.

Development and validation of exercise rehabilitation program for cognitive function and activity of daily living improvement in mild dementia elderly.

We investigated the effect of exercise rehabilitation based on fine motor movement for the elderly with mild dementia. Using electroencephalogram (EEG), the change of brain wave of them based on fine motor movement and comparing the improvement level of cognitive ability and performance capability in daily living activity was recorded. The subjects were the elderly with mild dementia living in a sanatorium in Incheon city.

Capacitance-voltage analysis of electrical properties for WSe field effect transistors with high-k encapsulation layer.

Doping effects in devices based on two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied. However, detailed analysis and the mechanism of the doping effect caused by encapsulation layers has not been sufficiently explored. In this work, we present experimental studies on the n-doping effect in WSe field effect transistors (FETs) with a high-k encapsulation layer (AlO) grown by atomic layer deposition.

Inactivation of human DGAT2 by oxidative stress on cysteine residues.

Diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) have a crucial role in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TG), the major storage form of metabolic energy in eukaryotic organisms. Even though DGAT2, one of two distinct DGATs, has a vital role in TG biosynthesis, little is known about the regulation of DGAT2 activity. In this study, we examined the role of cysteine and its oxidation in the enzymatic activity of human DGAT2 in vitro.

Ultrahigh-efficiency solution-processed simplified small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes using universal host materials.

Although solution processing of small-molecule organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has been considered as a promising alternative to standard vacuum deposition requiring high material and processing cost, the devices have suffered from low luminous efficiency and difficulty of multilayer solution processing. Therefore, high efficiency should be achieved in simple-structured small-molecule OLEDs fabricated using a solution process. We report very efficient solution-processed simple-structured small-molecule OLEDs that use novel universal electron-transporting host materials based on tetraphenylsilane with pyridine moieties.