Composition, preparation methods, and applications of nanoniosomes as codelivery systems: a review of emerging therapies with emphasis on cancer.

Nanoniosome-based drug codelivery systems have become popular therapeutic instruments, demonstrating tremendous promise in cancer therapy, infection treatment, and other therapeutic domains. An emerging form of vesicular nanocarriers, niosomes are self-assembling vesicles composed of nonionic surfactants, along with cholesterol or other amphiphilic molecules. This comprehensive review focuses on how nanosystems may aid in making anticancer and antibacterial pharmaceuticals more stable and soluble.

Corrigendum: Commentary: An evaluation of traditional Persian medicine for the management of SARS-CoV-2.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.

Visualizing Chiral Interactions in Carbohydrates Adsorbed on Au(111) by High-Resolution STM Imaging.

Carbohydrates are the most abundant organic material on Earth and the structural "material of choice" in many living systems. Nevertheless, design and engineering of synthetic carbohydrate materials presently lag behind that for protein and nucleic acids. Bottom-up engineering of carbohydrate materials demands an atomic-level understanding of their molecular structures and interactions in condensed phases.

The effect of vitamin D supplementation on the brain mapping and behavioral performance of children with ADHD: a double-blinded randomized controlled trials.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the common neurodevelopmental diseases that are accompanied with EEG pattern changes and Low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Neurofeedback provides a feedback signal to alleviate brain wave abnormalities and offers an alternative therapy for ADHD. This study aimed to investigate the concomitant effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation and Neurofeedback on children with ADHD.

Impact of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Ultra-Rapid Opioid Detoxification Outcome.

Introduction: The persistence of post-detoxification problems in drug addiction is one of the disadvantages of the ultra-rapid opioid detoxification (UROD) method. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been introduced in experimental addiction treatment for some years. Results of pilot studies suggest that it might be a promising method for addiction treatment.

Comparison of the Effect of Chlordiazepoxide and Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Blood Potassium Loss Due to Preoperative Anxiety.

Purpose: This study evaluated and compared the effect of chlordiazepoxide and transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) on changes in blood potassium levels caused by preoperative anxiety.

Design: This randomized, double-blind placebo control study was performed on 100 patients undergoing surgery with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA I) who went through surgery for the first time.

Methods: Patients were classified into four groups of real or sham tACS, chlordiazepoxide, and placebo.

Effect of vitamin D supplementation on brain waves, behavioral performance, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common chronic mental and behavioral disorder among children. Some studies showed the lower levels of vitamin D in patients with ADHD compared with the healthy people. Few clinical trials were conducted in this field.

Androgens' Role in Severity and Mortality Rates of COVID-19.

By the end of December 2019 new corona virus began to spread from Wuhan, China and caused a worldwide pandemic. COVID-19 deaths and prevalence represented sex discrepant patterns with higher rate of deaths and infection in males than females which could be justified by androgen-mediated mechanisms. This review aimed to assess the role of androgens in COVID-19 severity and mortality.

Nanoencapsulation of Acetamiprid by Sodium Alginate and Polyethylene Glycol Enhanced Its Insecticidal Efficiency.

Nanoformulation has been considered one of the newly applied methods in integrated pest management strategies. In this research, a conventional neonicotinoid insecticide acetamiprid was nanoencapsulated via AL (Sodium Alginate) and PEG (Polyethylene Glycol) and tested against the elm leaf beetle . The synthesized particles had spherical-like morphology and nanoscale based on TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering).

Real-Space Identification of Non-Noble Single Atomic Catalytic Sites within Metal-Coordinated Supramolecular Networks.

With regard to the development of single atom catalysts (SACs), non-noble metal-organic layers combine a large functional variability with cost efficiency. Here, we characterize reacted layers of melamine and melem molecules on a Cu(111) surface by noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ab initio simulations. Upon deposition on the substrate and subsequent heat treatments in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), these precursors undergo a stepwise dehydrogenation.

Fingerprints Indicating Superior Properties of Internal Interfaces in Cu(In,Ga)Se Thin-Film Solar Cells.

Growth of Cu(In,Ga)Se (CIGS) absorbers under Cu-poor conditions gives rise to incorporation of numerous defects into the bulk, whereas the same absorber grown under Cu-rich conditions leads to a stoichiometric bulk with minimum defects. This suggests that CIGS absorbers grown under Cu-rich conditions are more suitable for solar cell applications. However, the CIGS solar cell devices with record efficiencies have all been fabricated under Cu-poor conditions, despite the expectations.

Interfacial Covalent Bonds Regulated Electron-Deficient 2D Black Phosphorus for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reactions.

Developing resource-abundant and sustainable metal-free bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts is essential for the practical application of zinc-air batteries (ZABs). 2D black phosphorus (BP) with fully exposed atoms and active lone pair electrons can be promising for oxygen electrocatalysts, which, however, suffers from low catalytic activity and poor electrochemical stability. Herein, guided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, an efficient metal-free electrocatalyst is demonstrated via covalently bonding BP nanosheets with graphitic carbon nitride (denoted BP-CN-c).

Thermodynamically stable polymorphs of nitrogen-rich carbon nitrides: a CN study.

We have carried out an extensive search for stable polymorphs of carbon nitride with CN stoichiometry using the minima hopping method. Contrary to the widely held opinion that stacked, planar, graphite-like structures are energetically the most stable carbon nitride polymorphs for various nitrogen contents, we find that this does not apply for nitrogen-rich materials owing to the high abundance of N-N bonds. In fact, our results disclose novel morphologies with moieties not previously considered for CN.

The relationship between spiritual well-being and happiness among healthcare students: Application of the spiritual health questionnaire for the Iranian population.

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between spiritual well-being (SWB) and happiness in a sample of Iranian healthcare students, considering a culturally-adapted and a context-based measure of SWB.

Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 343 Muslim students of Qom University of Medical Science are studied from October 2017 to March 2018. Data collection tools were the culturally-adapted spiritual well-being scale (SWBS), the spiritual health questionnaire for the Iranian population (SHQ), and the Persian version of Oxford happiness inventory (OHI).

investigation of Cu(In,Ga)Se-based solar cells.

Photovoltaics is one of the most promising and fastest-growing renewable energy technologies. Although the price-performance ratio of solar cells has improved significantly over recent years, further systematic investigations are needed to achieve higher performance and lower cost for future solar cells. In conjunction with experiments, computer simulations are powerful tools to investigate the thermodynamics and kinetics of solar cells.

A High-Rate Two-Dimensional Polyarylimide Covalent Organic Framework Anode for Aqueous Zn-Ion Energy Storage Devices.

Rechargeable aqueous Zn-ion energy storage devices are promising candidates for next-generation energy storage technologies. However, the lack of highly reversible Zn-storage anode materials with low potential windows remains a primary concern. Here, we report a two-dimensional polyarylimide covalent organic framework (PI-COF) anode with high-kinetics Zn-storage capability.

A novel ultrasonic reverse micelle-assisted electrospun efficient route for Eu-MOF and Eu-MOF/CA composite nanofibers: a high performance photocatalytic treatment for removal of BG pollutant.

Considering the novel applications of metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in photocatalytic fields, in this study, new nanostructures of Eu-MOF have been synthesized using effective, facile, cost-effective, and fast reverse micelle (RM) as well as ultrasound assisted reverse micelle (UARM) methods under the optimal conditions. In order to improve the properties, these nanostructures were extended in the form of fibrous networks. To find nanostructure with distinctive features, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and N adsorption/desorption analysis were applied.

Vibrational dynamics in lead halide hybrid perovskites investigated by Raman spectroscopy.

Lead halide perovskite semiconductors providing record efficiencies of solar cells have usually mixed compositions doped in A- and X-sites to enhance the phase stability. The cubic form of formamidinium (FA) lead iodide reveals excellent opto-electronic properties but transforms at room temperature (RT) into a hexagonal structure which does not effectively absorb visible light. This metastable form and the mechanism of its stabilization by Cs+ and Br- incorporation are poorly characterized and insufficiently understood.

Diffusion of Alkali Metals in Polycrystalline CuInSe and Their Role in the Passivation of Grain Boundaries.

The behavior of alkali atom point defects in polycrystalline CuInSe is studied. In this work, three grain boundary models, one coherent twin boundary and two twin boundaries with dislocation cores, are considered. Total energy calculations show that all alkali metals tend to segregate at the grain boundaries.

Comparison of crude extract from . (durian) leaf waste via ultrasound-assisted extraction and accelerated solvent extraction: antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity.

The objective of this study was to compare the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of . (Durian) leaf extract from two extraction methods. Ultrasound-assisted extraction and Accelerated-solvent extraction were used to produce crude extract.

Pressure-induced metallization in layered ReSe.

The evolution of the crystal structure and electrical transport properties of distorted layered transition metal dichalcogenide ReSe was studied under high pressure up to ~90 GPa by Raman spectroscopy and electrical resistivity measurements accompanied by ab initio electronic band structure calculations. Raman spectroscopy studies indicate an isostructural phase transition due to layer sliding at ~7 GPa, to the distorted 1T-phase which remains stable up to the highest pressures employed in these experiments. From a direct band gap semiconductor at ambient pressure, ReSe undergoes pressure-induced metallization at pressures ~35 GPa, in agreement with the ab initio calculations.