Development and Evaluation of SYBR Green Real-Time PCR for Rapid and Specific Identification of Trichophyton indotineae.

Background: Since 2017, dermatophytosis caused by the newly introduced species Trichophyton indotineae has gained new interest worldwide due to the rise in terbinafine resistance and difficulty in the treatment of recalcitrant infections. Distinguishing T. indotineae from other Trichophyton species based on morphological features is impossible and DNA sequencing is necessary for accurate identification.

Increasing and Alarming Prevalence of Trichophyton indotineae as the Primary Causal Agent of Skin Dermatophytosis in Iran.

Background: Trichophyton indotineae, formerly described as T. mentagrophytes rDNA-ITS genotype VIII, has recently been identified as a novel species within the T. mentagrophytes complex.

Quantitative real time PCR for distinction between infection/colonization in hospitalized patients.

Background: Identification of the opportunistic fungus in respiratory specimens presents challenges, particularly in differentiating between colonization and active infection. The present study assessed a probe-based real time PCR (qPCR) diagnostic effectiveness in patients with diverse underlying conditions, particularly those with COVID-19 and pulmonary insufficiency.

Methods: To set up the qPCR, clinical samples from 281 patients with respiratory ailments were tested.

Fungal presence and health implications in hospital water systems.

Given the increasing occurrence of invasive fungal infections and the limited efficacy of modern antifungal medications, it is crucial to disseminate information regarding the potential sources of nosocomial mycoses through the One Health approach. This study investigated the presence and antifungal susceptibility of fungi in biofilm and water samples obtained from the drinking water distribution system (DWDS) of hospitals. The positivity rate for fungi in biofilm and water samples was 41% and 9%, respectively, with species, a significant causative agent of nosocomial mycoses, being the predominant fungi identified.

Enhancing the wound healing process through local injection of exosomes derived from blood serum: An and assessment.

Introduction: The skin plays a crucial role as a protective barrier against external factors, but disruptions to its integrity can lead to wound formation and hinder the natural healing process. Scar formation and delayed wound healing present significant challenges in skin injury treatment. While alternative approaches such as skin substitutes and tissue engineering exist, they are often limited in accessibility and cost.

Yeast species in the respiratory samples of COVID-19 patients; molecular tracking of .

Introduction: Although the existence of species in the respiratory tract is often considered commensal, it is crucial to recognize the significance of colonization in immunocompromised or COVID-19 patients. The emergence of as an emerging pathogen further emphasizes the importance of monitoring yeast infection/colonization, particularly in COVID-19 patients.

Methods: In this study, respiratory samples mainly from COVID-19 patients, primarily those suspected of having a fungal infection, were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar plates and the yeast colonies were identified using a two-step multiplex PCR method.

Evaluation of angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), angiotensin II (Ang II), miR-141-3p, and miR-421 levels in SARS-CoV-2 patients: a case-control study.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a highly contagious virus that uses angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a pivotal member of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as its cell-entry receptor. Another member of the RAS, angiotensin II (Ang II), is the major biologically active component in this system. There is growing evidence suggesting that serum miRNAs could serve as prognostic biomarkers for SARS-CoV-2 infection and regulate ACE2 expression.

Induces Cancer Cell Death in Breast and Glioblastoma Cancer in 2D/3D Models and Suppresses Breast Cancer Stem Cells.

Overcoming drug resistance and specifically targeting cancer stem cells (CSCs) are critical challenges in improving cancer therapy. Nowadays, the use of novel and native medicinal plants can provide new sources for further investigations for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of , an endemic plant with diverse medicinal applications, in suppressing and targeting cancer and cancer stem cells in glioblastoma and breast cancer.

candidemia and bacterial co-infection in a 3-month-old infant with biliary atresia.

Candidemia caused by rare and uncommon species is becoming more prevalent in pediatric healthcare settings, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. One such species, , is resistant to fluconazole but highly susceptible to echinocandins. Here, we report the first documented case of candidemia in Iran that occurred in a male infant with biliary atresia who had been hospitalized for 2 months.

Sensitive detection of specific cell-free DNA in serum samples from sheep with cystic echinococcosis.

Background: Developing more sensitive methods for the diagnosis of echinococcosis is essential. In this study PCR assay for sensitive detection of specific cell-free DNA (cfDNA) of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in the sera of the sheep naturally infected with echinococcosis was investigated.

Methods: To extract cfDNA from 35 infected sheep, the modified phenol-chloroform method was used for two different volumes (0.

COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM) in Kashan, Iran: clinical presentations, risk factors, management, and outcomes.

Background: This study aimed to estimate the disease burden and describe the clinical presentation, risk factors, and outcome of CAM in a single centre in Iran.

Methods: A case of mucormycosis was defined as one that had clinical and radiological features consistent with mucormycosis along with demonstration of the fungus in tissue KOH mount/culture/histopathological and molecular examination.

Results: We report 30 cases of COVID-19 associated mucormycosis (CAM).

Invasive rhinosinusitis in COVID-19 patients: report of three cases with successful management.

Invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) is a life-threatening infection that can occur in immunocompromised patients, including those with COVID-19. Although Mucorales and species are the most common causes of IFRS, infections caused by other fungi such as are rare. In this report, we present three cases of proven rhinosinusitis fusariosis that occurred during or after COVID-19 infection.

Diagnosis of mucormycosis using a simple duplex PCR assay: Analysis of 160 clinical samples from COVID-19 patients.

Early diagnosis of mucormycosis, a severe and potentially fatal complication in immunocompromised and COVID-19 patients, is crucial for initiating timely antifungal therapy and reducing infection mortality. In this study, the diagnostic performance of a duplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was evaluated to detect Mucorales-specific and Rhizopus oryzae-specific targets in 160 clinical samples collected from 112 COVID-19 patients suspected of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS). During potassium hydroxide (KOH) direct microscopy, non-septate hyphae were observed in 73 out of 160 samples (45.

Different aspects in explaining how mutations could affect the binding mechanism of receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in interaction with ACE2.

During replication, some mutations occur in SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19, leading to the emergence of different variants of the virus. The mutations that accrue in different variants of the virus, influence the virus' ability to bind to human cell receptors and ability to evade the human immune system, the rate of viral transmission, and effectiveness of vaccines. Some of these mutations occur in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein that may change the affinity of the virus for the ACE2 receptor.

Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds Responsible for Antioxidant, Anti- Activities and Nutritional Properties in Different Pistachio ( L.) Hull Cultivars.

The use of by-products from the agri-food industry is a promising approach for production of value-added, polyphenol-rich dietary supplements or natural pharmaceutical preparations. During pistachio nut processing, a great amount of husk is removed, leaving large biomass for potential re-use. The present study compares antiglycative, antioxidant, and antifungal activities as well as nutritional values of 12 genotypes belonging to four pistachio cultivars.

A case of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis due to Lichtheimia ramosa.

Background: Mucormycosis is a life-threatening invasive fungal infection in immunocompromised and COVID-19 patients.

Case Report: Here, we report a fatal rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia ramosa, in a 79-year-old diabetic female. She was initially admitted to the hospital for COVID-19 infection and received broad-spectrum antibiotics and corticosteroids.

Molecular and microscopy detection of in hospitalized patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Early detection of as an opportunistic pathogen that may endanger predisposed persons, including COVID-19 patients, may help to choose the optimal management.

Methods: In this study, 585, including 530 COVID-19 patients, with clinical and radiological evidence of respiratory diseases, were investigated for screening. Clinical specimens were examined by direct microscopy and PCR, and randomly selected positive PCR products were confirmed through DNA sequence analysis.

Case report: COVID-19-associated mucormycosis co-infection with : The first case and review on multiple fungal co-infections during COVID-19 pandemic.

Along with the pandemic COVID-19 spreads, new clinical challenges have emerged in the health care settings, among which there is a high risk of secondary invasive fungal infections with significant mortality. Here, we report a case of invasive fungal rhino orbital sinusitis due to the simultaneous co-infection by and , both identified by sequencing, in a 70-year-old Afghanistanian female with COVID-19. The patient was subjected to surgical debridement as well as taking liposomal amphotericin B, voriconazole, and on discharge, her condition was good.

Microbial and clinical epidemiology of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the divergent causative agents.

Since COVID-19 spread worldwide, invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (IFRS) has emerged in immunocompromised patients as a new clinical challenge. In this study, clinical specimens of 89 COVID-19 patients who presented clinical and radiological evidence suggestive of IFRS were examined by direct microscopy, histopathology, and culture, and the isolated colonies were identified through DNA sequence analysis. Fungal elements were microscopically observed in 84.

Diagnosis of echinococcosis by detecting circulating cell-free DNA and miRNA.

Introduction: Diagnosis of echinococcosis is difficult and usually performed based on clinical findings, imaging, and serological test. However, all of them have limitations, especially in follow-up approaches.

Areas Covered: Detection of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) is currently a hot topic for diagnosis of echinococcosis diseases.

A case of conjunctivitis in a neonate admitted to the cardiac heart intensive care unit.

Harmless commensal species, especially uncommon and rare ones may rarely cause a serious infection. is a recently described yeast that is phenotypically indistinguishable from and molecular methods are essential for its identification. We report the first case of conjunctivitis due to obtained from the eye discharge of a 40-day-old girl with congenital heart disease admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU).

The first case of Wickerhamomyces anomalus fungemia in Iran in an immuneodeficient child, a review on the literature.

The incidence of invasive candidiasis in pediatric patients is increasing and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. C. pelliculosa has been rarely reported as a human pathogen, however, it has been associated with serious nosocomial infections and clonal outbreaks with poor clinical outcomes in immunocompromised children were reported.

Species distribution and susceptibility profiles of oral candidiasis in hematological malignancy and solid tumor patients.

Oral colonization and infection by Candida species are common in cancer patients receiving chemoradiotherapy, which has significantly increased in recent years. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency, distribution, and antifungal susceptibility profiles of Candida species isolates in patients with hematological malignancy and solid tumors. This study was conducted on a total of 45 cancer patients undergoing treatment with concurrent chemoradiotherapy within 2019-2020.

A case of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbito-cerebral mucormycosis caused by with a review of the literature.

A fatal case of COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) affected a 40-year-old woman who was initially admitted to our hospital due to a SARS-CoV-2 infection. Her clinical condition worsened, and she finally died because of respiratory failure, hemodynamic instability, and mucormycosis with invasion into the orbit and probably the brain. According to DNA sequence analysis of the fungus isolated from the patient, was involved.