Release of sputum neutrophil granules is associated with pulmonary function and disease severity in childhood asthma.

Background: Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and human neutrophil lipocalin or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (HNL/NGAL) are stored in neutrophil granulocytes and secreted upon activation of the cells. They have been proposed to reflect the degree of inflammation in the airways. However, their role as potential markers of disease severity in childhood asthma remains unknown.

Tidal Breathing Analysis as a Prognostic Index for Airway Obstruction Trajectory and Asthma in Preterm Infants.

Introduction: An easy-to-implement and accurate lung function assessment tool for preterm infants is crucial to manage lifelong respiratory morbidities. We aimed to determine which pulmonary function parameters in preterm infants can predict the trajectory of airway obstruction and asthma development after 4 years of age.

Methods: We evaluated 52 preterm infants who had undergone both tidal breathing flow-volume loop (TBFVL) and multiple-breath washout (MBW) analyses in infancy and spirometry after the age of 4 years.

Factors influencing the quality of life in children with atopic dermatitis in Korea: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

There is a lack of studies about which factors affect the quality of life (QoL) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD), although it is well known that AD has considerably negative effects on their QoL. This study aimed to measure the QoL in children with AD and identify the factors that affect their QoL. A questionnaire derived from the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) was used to measure QoL.

TEV/FEV₃ as a coherent metric of small airway dysfunction in childhood asthma.

Spirometry is an unrivalled tool for determining asthma and asthma severity. The ratio of forced expiratory volume (FEV) in 1 second (FEV) to forced vital capacity (FVC) and the forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF) are well-known markers of airway obstruction, but they are limited by low reproducibility, particularly in children. In this study, we defined terminal expiration volume (TEV) as FEV in 3 seconds forced expiratory volume in 3 seconds (FEV₃) minus forced expiratory volume in 1 seconds (FEV) and investigate whether TEV/FEV₃ can function as a coherent marker to compensate for existing markers.

P50 implies adverse clinical outcomes in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome by reflecting extrapulmonary organ dysfunction.

Hypoxemia and multiple organ dysfunction are significant contributors to mortality in patients with pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). P50, the oxygen tension at which hemoglobin is 50% saturated, is a measure of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity, and its alteration might have implications for tissue hypoxia and organ dysfunction. The purpose of this single-center, retrospective study was to evaluate P50 levels in PARDS and to determine the association between P50 and clinical outcomes.

Children with Heiner Syndrome: A Single-Center Experience.

Heiner syndrome is a rare cause of pulmonary hemosiderosis in children that is triggered by cow's milk allergy. Herein, we describe our experience with three recent cases of Heiner syndrome with diverse clinical courses. We recommend that clinicians should consider the possibility of Heiner syndrome in children who exhibit characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis.

Genome-wide association study identifies BTNL2 associated with atopic asthma in children.

Asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation with a genetic predisposition. Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays an important role in regulating T cell activation and immune homeostasis. Here, we aimed to investigate the association of the genetic variants of BTNL2 with childhood asthma and asthma-related traits by utilizing extreme asthma phenotypes and employing a genome-wide association study.

Multidisciplinary aerodigestive program at a children's hospital: A protocol for a prospective observational study.

Background: Children with complex chronic multisystemic diseases frequently require care from multiple pediatric subspecialists. The aerodigestive program is a multidisciplinary program that diagnoses and treats pediatric patients with complex multi-systematic problems affecting airway, breathing, feeding, swallowing, or growth. The aim of this study is to present the protocol of the aerodigestive program of a children's hospital.

Development of a Multidisciplinary Aerodigestive Program: An Institutional Experience.

We share our experience on the implementation of a multidisciplinary aerodigestive program comprising an aerodigestive team (ADT) so as to evaluate its feasibility. We performed a retrospective chart review of the patients discussed at the monthly ADT meetings and analyzed the data. A total of 98 children were referred to the ADT during the study period.

SpO/FiO as a predictor of high flow nasal cannula outcomes in children with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

The high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a useful treatment modality for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) in children. We compared the ability of the oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (S/F) and arterial oxygen partial pressure to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (P/F) to predict HFNC outcomes in children with AHRF. This study included children treated with HFNC due to AHRF from April 2013 to March 2019 at the Severance Children's Hospital.

Pediatric Home Mechanical Ventilation in Korea: the Present Situation and Future Strategy.

Background: The number of children using home mechanical ventilation (HMV) has increased markedly in Europe and North America, but little is known about the situation in Korea. We described the clinical characteristics of children using HMV and investigated the current situation of HMV utilization in children.

Methods: Data on HMV prescriptions in year 2016 for children under the age of 19 was retrieved from the National Health Insurance Service for nationwide information.