Cost-effectiveness of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for the treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure in Spain.

Background And Objective: Hyperkalemia (HK) is an electrolyte disturbance in the concentration of potassium ions (K), whose risk increases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) or heart failure (HF) and/or in patients being treated with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (RAASi). The new oral K chelators offer a safe and effective treatment to maintain normokalemia in these patients. The objective of the analysis is to estimate the cost-effectiveness of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (SZC) for the treatment of chronic HK in patients with CKD or HF versus standard treatment (calcium polystyrene sulfonate and lifestyle modifications) from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System.

Factors associated with weight loss in people with overweight or obesity living with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights from the global DISCOVER study.

Aims: To estimate real-world change in weight over 3 years and the factors influencing it in participants who are overweight and live with type 2 diabetes.

Materials And Methods: DISCOVER is a multinational prospective observational study that enrolled participants with type 2 diabetes between December 2014 and June 2016 at the time of initiation of a second-line glucose-lowering medication (GLM). Demographic, anthropometric, and quality-of-life data were collected at baseline, and after 6, 12, 24 and 36 months of follow-up.

Global Metabolic Profiling of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (AtPAO4) Loss-of-Function Mutants Exhibiting Delayed Dark-Induced Senescence.

Early and more recent studies have suggested that some polyamines (PAs), and particularly spermine (Spm), exhibit anti-senescence properties in plants. In this work, we have investigated the role of Arabidopsis Polyamine Oxidase 4 (PAO4), encoding a PA back-conversion oxidase, during dark-induced senescence. Two independent PAO4 (pao4-1 and pao4-2) loss-of-function mutants have been found that accumulate 10-fold higher Spm, and this associated with delayed entry into senescence under dark conditions.