Clinical characterization and whole genome sequence-based typing of two cases of endophthalmitis due to Listeria monocytogenes.

Endophthalmitis due to Listeria monocytogenes is a rare form of listeriosis. Here, we report two cases that occurred in patients with different medical history, a 46-years-old woman with no comorbidities and an elderly man with several comorbidities. There was no history of trauma or surgery in either patient suggesting an endogenous origin.

Attribution of Listeria monocytogenes human infections to food and animal sources in Northern Italy.

Listeriosis is a foodborne illness characterized by a relatively low morbidity, but a large disease burden due to the severity of clinical manifestations and the high case fatality rate. Increased listeriosis notifications have been observed in Europe since the 2000s. However, the reasons for this increase are largely unknown, with the sources of sporadic human listerioris often remaining elusive.

Tuberculosis among asylum seekers in Milan, Italy: epidemiological analysis and evaluation of interventions.

In countries of the European Union, tuberculosis (TB) mainly affects marginalised people, including asylum seekers. Migratory flows from high-incidence countries to Italy have increased up to 2017, posing challenges to the national health system. This study sought to assess TB and latent TB infection (LTBI) prevalence among asylum seekers in Milan during the biennium 2016-2017 and to evaluate interventions in place.

Draft Genome Sequences of 510 Strains from Food Isolates and Human Listeriosis Cases from Northern Italy.

Listeriosis outbreaks are frequently multistate/multicountry outbreaks, underlining the importance of molecular typing data for several diverse and well-characterized isolates. Large-scale whole-genome sequencing studies on isolates from non-U.S.

Molecular evidence of infection relapse in a severe case of endocarditis.

Endocarditis is a rare complication of bacteraemia due to and is characterized by a high fatality rate (37-50 %). Recurrent infection by occurs even more rarely. We report a case of recurrent infection that resulted in severe endocarditis in a 66-year-old patient with an aortic valve prosthesis.

Identification of a major Listeria monocytogenes outbreak clone linked to soft cheese in Northern Italy - 2009-2011.

Background: Molecular subtyping and enhanced surveillance in Lombardy region identified a cluster of possibly related listeriosis cases from 2006 to 2010. This cluster grouped 31 isolates that belonged to serotype 1/2a and Sequence Type 38 (ST38) as defined by Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST).

Methods: Our study expanded the previous investigation to include cases from 2011 to 2014 and used Multi-Virulence-Locus Sequence Typing (MVLST) on all ST38 isolates to better understand their epidemiology and possibly identify a common source outbreak.

Epidemiology and Molecular Typing of Pregnancy-Associated Listeriosis Cases in Lombardy, Italy, over a 10-Year Period (2005-2014).

In developed countries, pregnancy-related listeriosis accounts for 20-43% of total invasive listeriosis. This work describes the first pregnancy-related listeriosis survey in Italy based on two data sources, that is, mandatory notification system and regional laboratory-based network. Out of 610 listeriosis cases reported over a 10-year period, 40 were pregnancy-related (6.

Diversity and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes within the Gorgonzola PDO production chain and comparison with clinical isolates from the same area.

Listeria monocytogenes causes invasive syndromes with high fatality rates in specific population groups. Cheeses have been commonly implicated in outbreaks worldwide. Gorgonzola is a cheese only produced in Northwestern Italy (it is the third Italian cheese in terms of production and export) and L.

Salmonella enterica Serotype Napoli is the First Cause of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonellosis in Lombardy, Italy (2010-2014), and Belongs to Typhi Subclade.

Salmonella enterica serotype Napoli (S. Napoli) is currently emerging in Europe and particularly in Italy, where in 2014 it caused a large outbreak associated with elevated rates of bacteremia. However, no study has yet investigated its invasive ability and phylogenetic classification.

A Multischool Outbreak Due to Salmonella enterica serovar Napoli Associated with Elevated Rates of Hospitalizations and Bacteremia, Milan, Italy, 2014.

A multischool outbreak of salmonellosis caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Napoli was investigated in the province of Milan from October to November 2014, following an increase in school absenteeism coinciding with two positive cases. Epidemiological studies detected 47 cases in four primary schools: 46 children and 1 adult woman (51.4% males and 48.

Draft Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Napoli Strain SN310, Cause of a Multischool Outbreak in Milan, Italy, in 2014.

We report the draft genome sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Napoli strain SN310, isolated from a stool sample of an affected pupil during a multischool outbreak in 2014 in Milan, Italy. This represents the first reported draft genome sequence of the emerging serovar Napoli.

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Raw Milk: Prevalence, SCCmec Typing, Enterotoxin Characterization, and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns.

Staphylococcus aureus is a known major cause of foodborne illnesses, and raw milk and dairy products are often contaminated by enterotoxigenic and antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus strains. In the present study, 35 S.

Gene expression in Listeria monocytogenes exposed to sublethal concentration of benzalkonium chloride.

In this study, tolerance at sublethal concentration of benzalkonium chloride and transcription levels of mdrL, ladR, lde, sigB and bcrABC genes in Listeria monocytogenes strains were evaluated. Viable cells reduction occurred in 45% of strains and clinical isolates showed lower sensitivity than isolates from foods. An increased transcription of an efflux system encoding gene was found in 60% of strains, and simultaneous mdrL overexpression and ladR underexpression occurred in 30% of isolates.

Antimicrobial susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human cases in northern Italy, 2008-2010: MIC determination according to EUCAST broth microdilution method.

Susceptibility of 96 Listeria monocytogenes human isolates collected in northern Italy between 2008 and 2010, to 15 antimicrobials, was investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by means of the standardized broth microdilution method, according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) international guidelines. All L.

Enhanced surveillance of invasive listeriosis in the Lombardy region, Italy, in the years 2006-2010 reveals major clones and an increase in serotype 1/2a.

Background: Invasive listeriosis is a rare, life-threatening foodborne disease. Lombardy, an Italian region accounting for 16% of the total population, reported 55% of all listeriosis cases in the years 2006-2010. The aim of our study was to provide a snapshot of listeriosis epidemiology in this region after the implementation of a voluntary laboratory-based surveillance system.

Listeria monocytogenes serotypes in human infections (Italy, 2000-2010).

Background: In developed countries invasive listeriosis is an infection of great concern to public health to due its clinical severity and high fatality rate, despite its low incidence. In Europe, statistically significant increasing trends in listeriosis notification rates from 2005 to 2009 were noted in Austria, Denmark, Hungary, Italy, Spain and Sweden.

Materials And Methods: The standardized techniques based on phenotype to typing Listeria monocytogenes is the serotyping.

Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis of Listeria monocytogenes by Experion™ automated microfluidic electrophoresis.

Fifty Listeria monocytogenes strains were genotyped by sAFLP and PCR products were separated by agarose gel and automated chip-based microfluidic electrophoresis. A high congruency of results was observed comparing the two techniques, although for some cultures a better separation of sAFLP fragments was achieved with microfluidic system, which proved to be a highly reliable and reproducible tool to improve the molecular typing of L. monocytogenes, requiring lower volumes of samples and reducing significantly analysis time.

Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human listeriosis cases in Italy.

The objective of this study was to characterize by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and PCR amplification of virulence genes and markers of epidemic clones I, II, and III (ECI, ECII, and ECIII) 54 human isolates from apparently sporadic cases of infection occurring in the Lombardy region and in the province of Florence, Tuscany, Italy, in the years 1996 to 2007. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were provided by the clinical microbiology laboratories of the Lombardy region and the "Careggi" Hospital of Florence, Tuscany, Italy. Serotyping, PFGE after digestion with the AscI and ApaI enzymes, and PCR amplification for the inlA, inlC, and inlJ genes and ECI, ECII, and ECIII markers were performed according to procedures described previously.

Molecular typing reveals frequent clustering among human isolates of Listeria monocytogenes in Italy.

In Italy, the annual incidence of reported cases of listeriosis amounts in recent years (2004 to 2006) to 0.8 case per million inhabitants. Our study is a subtyping analysis by serotyping, ribotyping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of 44 human isolates from apparently sporadic cases of infection in the Lombardy region and in the Province of Florence, Italy, in the years 1996 to 2007.

Characterization of multi-drug resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from animals.

Spread of antibiotic resistances through agro-food chain remains an actual question for both researchers and public health operators. Our study investigates antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella spp. strains isolated from avicultural and swine samples (prevalence: 2% and 5.

Identification of Shigella sonnei biotype g isolates carrying class 2 integrons in Italy (2001 to 2003).

Phenotyping and genotyping have been carried out on 64 epidemic and sporadic isolates of Shigella sonnei identified in Italy in the years 2001 to 2003. Class 2 integron carriage has been also investigated. Isolates from four of the five outbreaks and four of six sporadic cases were biotype g, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis type B, and class 2 integron positive, suggesting emergence and spread of an epidemic clone in Italy.