Multi-level assessment of the origin, feeding area and organohalogen contamination on salmon from the Baltic Sea.

The Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) population in the Baltic Sea consists of wild and hatchery-reared fish that have been released into the sea to support salmon stocks. During feeding migration, salmon migrate to different parts of the Baltic Sea and are exposed to various biotic and abiotic stressors, such as organohalogen compounds (OHCs). The effects of salmon origin (wild or hatchery-reared), feeding area (Baltic Main Basin, Bothnian Sea, and Gulf of Finland), and OHC concentration on the differences in hepatic proteome of salmon were investigated.

Freshwater crustacean exposed to active pharmaceutical ingredients: ecotoxicological effects and mechanisms.

Concerns over the ecotoxicological effects of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) on aquatic invertebrates have been raised in the last decade. While numerous studies have reported the toxicity of APIs in invertebrates, no attempt has been made to synthesize and interpret this dataset in terms of different exposure scenarios (acute, chronic, multigenerational), multiple crustacean species, and the toxic mechanisms. In this study, a thorough literature review was performed to summarize the ecotoxicological data of APIs tested on a range of invertebrates.

Cardiovascular oxygen transport and peripheral oxygen extraction capacity contribute to acute heat tolerance in European seabass.

This study evaluated whether different parameters describing cardiovascular function, energy metabolism, oxygen transport and oxidative stress were related to the critical thermal maximum (CT) of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and if there were differential changes in these parameters during and after heat shock in animals with different CT in order to characterize which physiological features make seabass vulnerable to heat waves. Seabass (n = 621) were tested for CT and the physiological parameters were measured in individuals with good or poor temperature tolerance before and after a heat shock (change in temperature from 15 °C to 28 °C in 1.5 h).

Prediction of adverse effects of effluents containing phenolic compounds in the Ba River on the ovary of fish (Hemiculter leucisculus) using transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses.

The aim of this work was to evaluate the endocrine disrupting effects on the ovarian development of sharpbelly (Hemiculter leucisculus) caused by effluents containing phenolic compounds. This was achieved using integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, along with histopathological examinations. Sharpbelly, an indigenous freshwater fish widely distributed in East Asia, were collected by pole fishing from three sampling sites in the Ba River.

Effects on the Liver Transcriptome in Baltic Salmon: Contributions of Contamination with Organohalogen Compounds and Origin of Salmon.

Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon () has been released to support the wild salmon stocks in the Baltic Sea for decades. During their feeding migration, salmon are exposed to organohalogen compounds (OHCs). Here, we investigated the OHC levels and transcriptome profiles in the liver of wild and hatchery-reared salmon collected from the Baltic main basin (BMB), the Bothnian Sea (BS), and the Gulf of Finland (GoF) and examined whether salmon origin and OHC levels contributed to the hepatic transcriptome profiles.

Environmentally driven changes in Baltic salmon oxidative status during marine migration.

The fitness and recruitment of fish stocks can be markedly affected by environmental disturbances including global warming, eutrophication and contamination. Understanding the effects of environmental stressors on salmon physiology during marine residence is of a global concern as marine survival has decreased. We present a unique combination of physiological responses - antioxidant defence and oxidative damage biomarkers, stable isotopes and contaminant exposure biomarkers - measured from adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) collected at the Baltic Sea and studied in relation to environmental variables and fitness estimates.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defence responses in two marine copepods in a high CO experiment.

We collected samples for oxidative stress and antioxidants in a high CO mesocosm experiment for two weeks, focussing on two common crustacean copepods Calanus finmarchicus and Temora longicornis. The samples were collected during a field experiment campaign studying responses of plankton communities to future ocean acidification (OA), off the Norwegian coast south of Bergen. The main results showed that there were species-specific differences between Temora and Calanus, especially in antioxidant defences (glutathione system) and oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation and reduced:oxidised glutathione ratio).

De novo transcriptomic analysis predicts the effects of phenolic compounds in Ba River on the liver of female sharpbelly (Hemiculter lucidus).

This work aimed at predicting the toxic effects of phenolic compounds in Ba River on the health of female sharpbelly (Hemiculter lucidus) by the de novo transcriptomic analysis of the liver. Sharpbelly, a native fish living in freshwater ecosystem of East Asia, were sampled upstream, near, and downstream of a wastewater discharge to the Ba river. Based on the occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA), nonylphenol (NP), and 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP) in the water and fish sampled from each site, up-, mid-, and down-stream were interpreted as control, high, and low treatment groups, respectively.

Comparison of oxidative stress induced by clarithromycin in two freshwater microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris.

Clarithromycin (CLA), a macrolide antibiotic, has been frequently detected in the global surface waters. Concerns have been raised over the potential impacts of CLA on the non-target aquatic species, particularly algae acting as the primary producers in the ecosystem. This study therefore evaluated the toxicological effects of CLA at a range of concentration levels (0, 5, 20, 40, 80 μg L) on two green algae, Raphidocelis subcapitata (R.

Effects of calcium supplementation on oxidative status and oxidative damage in great tit nestlings inhabiting a metal-polluted area.

Calcium has been proposed to diminish metal toxicity by the modulation of the oxidative stress. This study explores the effects of Ca availability and metal exposure on oxidative stress biomarkers in great tit (Parus major) nestlings. Nests were supplemented with Ca (Ca-supplemented group) or not supplemented (Control group) in a metal-polluted and a background zone in SW Finland.

Metal and metalloid exposure and oxidative status in free-living individuals of Myotis daubentonii.

Metal elements, ubiquitous in the environment, can cause negative effects in long-lived organisms even after low but prolonged exposure. Insectivorous bats living near metal emission sources can be vulnerable to such contaminants. Although it is known that bats can bioaccumulate metals, little information exists on the effects of metal elements on their physiological status.

In ovo exposure to triclosan alters the hepatic proteome in chicken embryos.

The occurrence of triclosan (TCS) in the eggs of wild avian species is an emerging concern. We previously evaluated the effects of in ovo exposure to TCS on the liver transcriptome of chicken embryos and proposed adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). However, the key molecular events identified to be affected need to be verified at the protein level.

Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense responses in Acartia copepods in relation to environmental factors.

On a daily basis, planktonic organisms migrate vertically and thus experience widely varying conditions in their physico-chemical environment. In the Gulf of Finland, these changes are larger than values predicted by climate change scenarios predicted for the next century (up to 0.5 units in pH and 5°C in temperature).

Cold temperature represses daily rhythms in the liver transcriptome of a stenothermal teleost under decreasing day length.

The climate-change-driven increase in temperature is occurring rapidly and decreasing the predictability of seasonal rhythms at high latitudes. It is therefore urgent to understand how a change in the relationship between photoperiod and temperature can affect ectotherms in these environments. We tested whether temperature affects daily rhythms of transcription in a cold-adapted salmonid using high-throughput RNA sequencing.

Different Relationship between mRNA and hsp70 Levels in the Heat Shock Response of Two Salmonids with Dissimilar Temperature Preference.

The heat shock response (HSR) refers to the rapid production of heat shock proteins (hsps) in response to a sudden increase in temperature. Its regulation by heat shock factors is a good example of how gene expression is transcriptionally regulated by environmental stresses. In contrast, little is known about post-transcriptional regulation of the response.

The effects of the painkiller diclofenac and hypoxia on gene transcription and antioxidant system in the gills of three-spined stickleback.

Aquatic organisms face multiple stressors in natural ecosystems. More and more often painkillers are detected in surface waters since their prescription has increased worldwide within the last years. Here we examined the effects of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac and hypoxia on three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

Warm acclimation and oxygen depletion induce species-specific responses in salmonids.

Anthropogenic activities are greatly altering the habitats of animals, whereby fish are already encountering several stressors simultaneously. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the capacity of fish to respond to two different environmental stressors (high temperature and overnight hypoxia) separately and together. We found that acclimation to increased temperature (from 7.

Hypoxia and the pharmaceutical diclofenac influence the circadian responses of three-spined stickleback.

Pollution with low concentrations of pharmaceuticals, especially when combined with low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia), is a threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac is commonly detected in wastewater effluents, and has potential to accumulate in the bile of fish. Diclofenac has been shown to activate aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which induces transcription in the metabolic enzyme cytochrome P450 1a (cyp1a).

Spatial variation in transcript and protein abundance of Atlantic salmon during feeding migration in the Baltic Sea.

The fitness and reproductive output of fishes can be affected by environmental disturbances. In this study, transcriptomics and label-free proteomics were combined to investigate Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sampled from three different field locations within the Baltic Sea (Baltic Main Basin (BMB), Gulf of Finland (GoF), and Bothnian Sea (BS)) during marine migration. The expression of several stress related mRNAs and proteins of xenobiotic metabolism, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and cell death were increased in salmon from GoF compared to salmon from BMB or BS.

Experimental manipulation of dietary lead levels in great tit nestlings: limited effects on growth, physiology and survival.

We manipulated dietary lead (Pb) levels of nestlings in wild populations of the great tit (Parus major L) to find out if environmentally relevant Pb levels would affect some physiological biomarkers (haematocrit [HT], fecal corticosterone metabolites [CORT], heat shock proteins [HSPs], erythrocyte delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity [ALAd]), growth (body mass, wing length), phenotype (plumage coloration) or survival of nestlings. The responses to three experimental manipulation (control, low and high: 0, 1 and 4 μg/g body mass/day) are compared with those in a P. major population breeding in the vicinity of a heavy metal source, a copper smelter.

Oxidative status in nestlings of three small passerine species exposed to metal pollution.

Antioxidant defense has an important role in the protection of organisms against oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many metals are capable of generating ROS and inducing oxidative damage, and may therefore lead to changes in oxidative regulation. We studied species-specific variation in the oxidative status of great tit (Parus major), blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus) and pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) nestlings in a vicinity of a non-ferrous smelter.

Plasma carotenoid levels are not directly related to heavy metal exposure or reproductive success in three insectivorous passerines.

The authors measured plasma carotenoid levels in three insectivorous bird species, the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca), the blue tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), and the great tit (Parus major) in metal-polluted and unpolluted sites around a copper smelter. Their aim was to determine whether there was interspecific, age-related, or yearly variation in carotenoid levels and their responses to the ambient pollution level. The three bird species showed qualitatively and quantitatively similar carotenoid profiles, with lutein being always the predominant plasma carotenoid.

Variation of basal EROD activities in ten passerine bird species--relationships with diet and migration status.

Inter-specific differences in animal defence mechanisms against toxic substances are currently poorly understood. The ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) enzyme plays an important role in defence against toxic chemicals in a wide variety of animals, and it is an important biomarker for environmental contamination. We compared basal hepatic EROD activity levels among ten passerine species to see if there is inter-specific variation in enzyme activity, especially in relation to their diet and migration status.

Seasonal variation in the regulation of redox state and some biotransformation enzyme activities in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica L.).

Little is known of the normal seasonal variation in redox state and biotransformation activities in birds. In long-distance migratory birds, in particular, seasonal changes could be expected to occur because of the demands of migration and reproduction. In this study, we measured several redox parameters in the barn swallow (Hirundo rustica L.

Antioxidative defense and oxidative stress in ringed seals (Pusa hispida) from differently polluted areas.

High contaminant levels detected in Baltic seals have been associated with various health effects. In this study several parameters related to antioxidative defense and oxidative stress (concentrations of reduced and oxidised glutathione, lipid hydroperoxide and vitamin E, activities of glutathione reductase, peroxidase and S-transferase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, catalase, and superoxidedismutase) were measured in the livers of ringed seals from the Baltic Sea and from a less contaminated reference area, Svalbard, Norway. Seals were caught during two different time periods 1996-1997 and 2002-2007, which represent different levels of contamination.