Structured Reporting of Head and Neck Sonography Achieves Substantial Interrater Reliability.

Ultrasound examinations are often criticized for having higher examiner dependency compared to other imaging techniques. Compared to free-text reporting, structured reporting (SR) of head and neck sonography (HNS) achieves superior time efficiency as well as report quality. However, there are no findings concerning the influence of SR on the interrater reliability (IRR) of HNS.

Toxic retrobulbar neuritis due to recurrent nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease-based chronic sinusitis in the left sphenoid sinus: a case report.

Background: Abrupt visual impairment constitutes a medical urgency, necessitating an interdisciplinary diagnostic and therapeutic approach owing to the broad spectrum of potential etiologies, thereby engaging numerous medical specialties.

Case Presentation: A 21-year-old Mixed White and Asian female patient, with medical history of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug-exacerbated respiratory disease necessitating previous sinus surgery, reported sudden monocular vision loss. Unremarkable ophthalmological examination of the fellow eye and hematological parameters, save for a slight elevation in lymphocytes and eosinophils, were observed.

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Drive Dacryolithiasis.

Mucopeptide concretions, previously called dacryoliths, are macroscopic stones that commonly obstruct the lacrimal sac. The mechanism behind dacryolithiasis remains unclear; however, the involvement of various immune cells, including neutrophils, has been confirmed. These findings remain limited, and no information on neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), essentially involved in the pathogenesis of other lithiases, is available yet.

Moonlighting chromatin: when DNA escapes nuclear control.

Extracellular chromatin, for example in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), is an important element that propels the pathological progression of a plethora of diseases. DNA drives the interferon system, serves as autoantigen, and forms the extracellular scaffold for proteins of the innate immune system. An insufficient clearance of extruded chromatin after the release of DNA from the nucleus into the extracellular milieu can perform a secret task of moonlighting in immune-inflammatory and occlusive disorders.

Pneumoparotid: Practical impact of Surgeon performed Ultrasound in an effective Diagnostic Approach.

Objectives: Pneumoparotid is characterized by air inclusions in the parotid duct system. Use of ultrasound has proved valuable for evaluating air inclusions in various parts of the body; the diagnostics of this condition has not been systematically analyzed, however. The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of ultrasound in the detection of air inclusions along the parotid duct system and its closer characterization.

Calcification in Salivary Gland Cancer Mimicking Sialolithiasis-A Diagnostic Pitfall on Imaging: Report of Two Cases and Brief Review of the Literature.

Sialolithiasis is the most common cause of calcifications detected with ultrasound in patients with chronic inflammatory symptoms and swellings of the salivary glands. Other differential diagnoses of calcifications are extremely rare and mostly benign. Case report and literature review.

The Translational Role of MUC8 in Salivary Glands: A Potential Biomarker for Salivary Stone Disease?

Mucin (MUC) 8 has been shown to play an important role in respiratory disease and inflammatory responses. In the present study, we investigated the question of whether MUC8 is also produced and secreted by salivary glands and whether it may also play a role in the oral cavity in the context of inflammatory processes or in the context of salivary stone formation. Tissue samples from parotid and submandibular glands of body donors ( = 6, age range 63-88 years), as well as surgically removed salivary stones from patients ( = 38, age range 48-72 years) with parotid and submandibular stone disease were immunohistochemically analyzed targeting MUC8 and TNFα.

Intraductal Fragmentation in Sialolithiasis Using Pneumatic Lithotripsy: Initial Experience and Results.

Objective: To report initial experience in using a pneumatic lithotripter to treat salivary stones.

Study Design: Level IV retrospective study.

Setting: University hospital and tertiary referral center.

Ultrasound in Inflammatory and Obstructive Salivary Gland Diseases: Own Experiences and a Review of the Literature.

: Ultrasound is established as a diagnostic tool in salivary glands for obstructive diseases such as sialolithiasis and tumors. Concerning inflammatory diseases and in non-sialolithiasis-caused obstruction, much fewer data are available. In recent years, technical development has allowed a better assessment of the gland parenchyma, and knowledge about intraductal pathologies has increased considerably, which has provided new insights and a new interpretation of ultrasound findings.

Patients with COVID-19: in the dark-NETs of neutrophils.

SARS-CoV-2 infection poses a major threat to the lungs and multiple other organs, occasionally causing death. Until effective vaccines are developed to curb the pandemic, it is paramount to define the mechanisms and develop protective therapies to prevent organ dysfunction in patients with COVID-19. Individuals that develop severe manifestations have signs of dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses.

The current value of quantitative shear wave sonoelastography in parotid gland tumors.

Background: The preoperative differentiation between salivary gland tumor entities using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound (US) is still limited. Biopsies are often regarded as indispensable for properly characterizing these various lesions. The aim of this study was to analyze the value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) sonoelastography as an US differentiation tool when examining parotid gland (PG) lesions.

Histopathological comparison of pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid and submandibular gland.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the histopathological findings in pleomorphic adenomas (PA) of the parotid and submandibular gland with emphasis on the histological subtype and capsular characteristics.

Materials And Methods: The histopathological specimens of all patients with PAs of the parotid and submandibular gland between 2000 and 2020 were re-examined by an experienced head and neck pathologist. Patients without representative slides allowing evaluation of the whole periphery of the PA were excluded from our study sample.

Investigation of Sonographic Criteria for Reliable Identification of T1-T2 Low-Grade Malignant Tumors of the Parotid Gland.

The aim of this study was to investigate sonographic findings of low-grade malignant tumors of the parotid gland. The sonographic findings of all patients treated for T1-T2 low-grade carcinomas of the parotid gland between 2003 and 2018 were retrospectively examined and compared with those of patients with pleomorphic adenomas for the following parameters: definition of tumor margins, echotexture, echogenicity, shape and vascularization. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ test.

Simultaneous Application of Ultrasound and Sialendoscopy and its Value in the Management of Sialolithiasis.

Objective: Ultrasound (US) and sialendoscopy (SE) are routinely used in patients presenting with sialolithiasis in the submandibular (SMG) and parotid gland (PG). The objective was to assess the value of the simultaneous application of US and SE in the management of sialolithiasis.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Ultrasound in the diagnosis of parotid duct obstruction not caused by sialolithiasis: diagnostic value in reference to direct visualization with sialendoscopy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound in the obstructive pathology of the parotic gland not caused by sialolithiasis using sialendoscopy as reference standard.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of all patients who presented with suspected diagnosis of obstructive ductal pathology of the parotid gland other than sialolithiasis between January 2011 and December 2017. 538 patients, for a total of 691 parotid glands were included in the study.

Intraductal Lithotripsy in Sialolithiasis Using the Calculase III™ Ho:YAG Laser: First Experiences.

Background And Objectives: To report the first experiences with a newly available Ho:YAG laser system for the treatment of salivary stones.

Study Design/materials And Methods: A retrospective study in a tertiary referral center was conducted. Patients diagnosed with sialolithiasis were treated in Erlangen using the Calculase III™ Ho:YAG laser (Karl Storz, Tuttlingen, Germany).

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promote the Development and Growth of Human Salivary Stones.

Salivary gland stones, or sialoliths, are the most common cause of the obstruction of salivary glands. The mechanism behind the formation of sialoliths has been elusive. Symptomatic sialolithiasis has a prevalence of 0.

Extracapsular Dissection in Pleomorphic Adenomas of the Parotid Gland: Results After 13 Years of Follow-up.

Objectives/hypothesis: To assess long-term results after the treatment of parotid pleomorphic adenomas (PPAs) using different surgical techniques and focusing on recurrence rates and the risk of adverse effects.

Study Design: Retrospective analysis.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 182 patients treated exclusively for PPAs at a tertiary referral center between 2000 and 2004.

Papillary stenosis of the submandibular gland caused by dental prostheses.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess diagnosis and treatment of submandibular duct stenosis caused by dental prostheses.

Study Design: This retrospective study included 9 patients with papillary stenosis caused by physical irritation of the Wharton duct ostium by a mandibular dental prosthesis. Diagnostics included physical examination, as well as transcutaneous and transoral ultrasound examinations.

Parotid pleomorphic adenomas: Factors influencing surgical techniques, morbidity, and long-term outcome relative to the new ESGS classification in a retrospective study.

Purpose: To assess long-term results after treatment of parotid pleomorphic adenomas (PPAs) with different surgical techniques, standardized according to the European Salivary Gland Society (ESGS) classification system.

Methods: We analyzed ESGS categories, occurrence of facial nerve paresis (FNP), Frey's syndrome, histopathology, and recurrences. Surgical modalities were compared, differentiating techniques with and without facial nerve dissection.

Transoral Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Obstructive Salivary Gland Pathologies.

Transcutaneous ultrasound (TCUS) is an accepted diagnostic method in salivary gland diseases. However, sparse data are available on the use of transoral ultrasound (TOUS) in sialadenopathies. One hundred five patients presenting with various obstructive sialadenopathies were examined using TOUS and TCUS.

Does increasing the incidence of extracapsular dissection for benign tumors of the parotid correlate with an increased need for revision surgery?

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis of whether extracapsular dissection (ED) of the parotid gland increases the need for revision surgery for benign tumours in comparison to traditional surgical modalities. A further aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the functional outcome of revision procedures after primary ED with other modalities involving the parotid gland in our department.

Materials And Methods: All patients who underwent revision parotid surgery after a primary surgical procedure at a tertiary care hospital (University of Erlangen-Nürnberg) between 2000 and 2016 were included in our study.

Transoral ultrasound: a helpful and easy diagnostic method in obstructive salivary gland diseases.

• Transoral ultrasound is a simple technique, very helpful for the evaluation of obstructive diseases of the salivary glands. • It overcomes most of the limitations of transcutaneous ultrasound.

Ultrasound in the Assessment of Parotid Duct Stenosis.

Objectives: Parotid duct stenosis may occur with or without accompanying ductal anomalies, with associated differences in their pathogenesis and management. By identifying the characteristics of a stenosis, ultrasound (US) can assist in tailored management of parotid duct stenosis. The objective of this study was therefore to describe the US characteristics of parotid duct stenoses and to evaluate criteria for whether and in what ways these can be distinguished from each other by using US.