In Situ Localization of and in Infected Ticks: Implications for Biocontrol Strategies.

is a blood-sucking parasite that causes heavy infestations on cattle and is a vector for severe tick-borne diseases, such as anaplasmosis and babesiosis, and poses a significant threat to the cattle industry. Cattle ticks show increasing acaricide resistance, which creates an additional problem concerning the inefficient chemical control of tick populations in cattle-grazing areas, necessitating the exploration of alternative tick biocontrol methods. Our study aimed to demonstrate the acaropathogenic efficacy of two bacterial species during experimental infections on .

Transcriptomic dataset of the development and maturation of the ovary.

To conduct differential gene expression analysis, ovaries from the cattle tick were dissected at three distinct developmental stages (preingurgitated, immature ingurgitated, and mature ingurgitated). Additionally, undissected intact mature males and complete ingurgitated female ticks without ovaries (carcasses) were also collected to serve as reference samples for analysis. To perform total RNA purification, tissue from ten individuals representing each of the five previously described conditions was pooled.

A Novel Receptor Binding Progesterone, a Possible Transregulation Mechanism in the -Host Interaction.

Background: Hormone receptors exert their function through binding with their ligands, which results in cellular signaling activation mediated by genomic or non-genomic mechanisms. The intrinsic molecular communication of tick and its host comprises an endocrine regulation involving hormones. In the present study, we performed a molecular and analysis of a Membrane Associated Progesterone Receptor in (RmMAPRC).

Efficacy of Entomopathogenic Bacteria as a Biocontrol Agent against Ticks: Assessing Reproductive Inhibition and Mortality Rates.

is a persistent ectoparasite of cattle that causes bovine anaplasmosis and babesiosis, causing economic losses worldwide. Chemical treatment is the primary method for tick control, but the emergence of pesticide-resistant ticks is a major challenge. Alternative biocontrol strategies utilizing entomopathogenic microorganisms are being explored.

Current perspectives and difficulties in the design of acaricides and repellents from plant-derived compounds for tick control.

Ticks and tick-borne diseases have gained increasing attention in recent years due to their impact on public health and significant losses in livestock production. The use of synthetic compounds for tick control is becoming problematic, mainly due to the resistance to commercially available products as well as their toxicity. Therefore, new alternative control methods are required.

Relationship between acaricide resistance and acetylcholinesterase gene polymorphisms in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus.

In this study, we aimed to develop a comprehensive methodology for identifying amino acid polymorphisms in acetylcholinesterase transcript 2 (AChE2) in acaricide-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus ticks. This included assessing AChE2 expression levels through qPCR and conducting 3D modeling to evaluate the interaction between acaricides and AChE2 using docking techniques. The study produced significant results, demonstrating that acaricide-resistant R.

Single Amino Acid Polymorphisms in the Carboxylesterase Type B Gene and Their Potential Role in Anthelmintic Resistance.

The expression of the carboxylesterase type B (CestB) gene is known to be induced upon exposure to the anthelmintic triclabendazole (TCBZ), leading to a substantial rise in enzyme-specific activity. Furthermore, the nucleotide sequence of the CestB gene displays variations that can potentially result in radical amino acid substitutions at the ligand binding site. These substitutions hold the potential to impact both the ligand-protein interaction and the catalytic properties of the enzyme.

A Novel Estrogen Related Receptor (RmERR), a Molecular and In Silico Characterization of a Potential Protein Binding Estrogen.

The search for targets to control ticks and tick-borne diseases has been an ongoing problem, and so far, we still need efficient, non-chemical alternatives for this purpose. This search must consider new alternatives. For example genomics analysis is a widely applied tool in veterinary health studies to control pathogens.

Identification of Virulence Factors in Entomopathogenic Isolated from Naturally Infected .

has been found to be an effective entomopathogenic fungus for various arthropods, including ticks. In particular, natural fungal infections in cattle ticks show promise for biocontrol of the () tick, which is a major ectoparasite affecting cattle worldwide. Our study aimed to elucidate the specific entomopathogenic virulence factors encoded in the genome of an strain isolated from naturally infected cattle ticks.

Complete genome sequence dataset of enthomopathogenic isolated from a natural infection of the cattle-tick .

As the most important bovine ectoparasite, the southern cattle tick transmits lethal cattle diseases such as babesiosis and anaplasmosis, costing the global livestock industry billions of dollars annually. To control cattle ticks, preventive treatment of cattle with pesticides is a common practice; however, after decades of chemical treatment, pesticide resistance has arisen in cattle ticks, rendering most formulations ineffective over time. Facing the perspective of running out of effective chemical treatments against , research on biocontrol alternatives is necessary.

A Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Translates into a Radical Amino Acid Substitution at the Ligand-Binding Site in Carboxylesterase B.

anthelmintic resistance may be associated with the catalytic activity of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. The gene expression of one of these enzymes, identified as carboxylesterase B (CestB), was previously described as inducible in adult parasites under anthelmintic treatment and exhibited a single nucleotide polymorphism at position 643 that translates into a radical amino acid substitution at position 215 from Glutamic acid to Lysine. Alphafold 3D models of both allelic sequences exhibited a significant affinity pocket rearrangement and different ligand-docking modeling results.

A newly optimized protocol to extract high-quality hemolymph from the cattle tick : Improving the old conditions.

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites with importance to animal and human health. In recent years, the study of ticks has had significant development, including immune response, vector-host interactions, physiological and multi-omics approaches. However, one of the main impediments is obtaining a significant amount of high-quality hemolymph.

Tick Immunobiology and Extracellular Traps: An Integrative Vision to Control of Vectors.

Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that infest a diverse number of vertebrate hosts. The tick immunobiology plays a significant role in establishing and transmitting many pathogens to their hosts. To control tick infestations, the acaricide application is a commonly used method with severe environmental consequences and the selection of tick-resistant populations.

Transcriptome-Based Identification of a Functional Carboxylesterase B.

Bioinformatics analysis of the complete transcriptome of identified a total of ten putative carboxylesterase transcripts, including a 3146 bp mRNA transcript coding a 2205 bp open reading frame that translates into a protein of 735 amino acids, resulting in a predicted protein mass of 83.5 kDa and a putative carboxylesterase B enzyme. The gene coding for this enzyme was found in two reported complete genomes stretching 23,230 bp, containing two exons of 1282 and 1864 bp, respectively, as well as a 20,084 bp intron between the exons.

Transcriptome assembly dataset of anthelmintic response in .

is a worldwide distributed zoonotic parasitic trematode, which causes a severe liver disease clinically known as fasciolasis in a large number of wild animals, several livestock species as well as humans, prevention and control of fasciolasis is made by massive use of anthelmintic compounds on livestock and inevitably this practice has led to the emergence of anthelmintic resistant and there is a great scientific effort to elucidate the molecular basis of anthelmintic resistance of parasitic helminths in general and of Fasciola hepatica in particular that may lead to improved anthelmintic compounds In our project, we sequenced the transcriptomes obtained from the anthelmintic response to Triclabendazole and Albendazole on four samples from sensitive and resistant strains of on Illumina HiSeq 4000 Platform and generated about 10.03 Gb per sample. The average genome-mapping rate is 81.

Physiological evidence that three known mutations in the para-sodium channel gene confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus.

Background: Acaricide resistance is a central problem for the control of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. The physiological effects and phenotypes of the mutations that cause acaricide resistance are not always well understood or characterized. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer cypermethrin knockdown resistance (kdr) have been reported in R.

Phylogenomics picks out the par excellence markers for species phylogeny in the genus .

Although genome sequencing has become a very promising approach to conduct microbial taxonomy, few labs have the resources to afford this especially when dealing with data sets of hundreds to thousands of isolates. The goal of this study was to identify the most adequate loci for inferring the phylogeny of the species within the genus ; with the idea that those who cannot afford whole genome sequencing can use these loci to carry out species assignation confidently. We retrieved 177 orthologous groups (OGs) by using a genome-based phylogeny and an average nucleotide identity analysis.

Pyrethroid Acaricide Resistance Is Proportional to P-450 Cytochrome Oxidase Expression in the Cattle Tick .

The goal of the present study was to assess the gene expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XMEs) Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) and carboxylesterase (CE) related to detoxification of synthetic pyrethroids, plus acetylcholinesterase (AChE), in field isolates of acaricide-resistant Rhipicephalus microplus. The XMEs expression levels were assessed by mRNA measurement using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The XME expression levels of field-isolated acaricide-resistant ticks were compared against acaricide-susceptible reference ticks used in this study as a gene expression baseline and represented as relative expression units (REU).

Comparative Hemolymph Proteomic and Enzymatic Analyses of Two Strains of Ticks Resistant and Susceptible to Ixodicides.

The cattle tick is one of the most harmful ectoparasites affecting bovines worldwide. It represents a major threat to livestock industry due to the economic losses caused and diseases associated with these ticks. The most important tick control strategy has been the use of ixodicides, resulting in chemically resistant tick populations.

Draft Genome Sequence of PAVET15 Obtained from the Oviduct Infection of the Cattle Tick () in Jiutepec, Morelos, Mexico.

spp. are Gram-positive lactic acid-producing bacteria found in the intestinal tracts of animals, like mammals, birds, and arthropods. spp.

Adrenergic ligands that block oviposition in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus affect ovary contraction.

The tyraminergic/octopaminergic system is central for the control of arthropod oviposition. Previous works demonstrated that the pharmacological perturbation of this system inhibits oviposition in the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. In this work, we describe a physiologically active whole-mount preparation of the contractile tick ovary that allows the quantitative videometrical analysis of ovary contraction in response to different compounds.

Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus larvae MEX14, Isolated from Honey Bee Larvae from the Xochimilco Quarter in Mexico City.

Paenibacillus larvae strain MEX14 is a facultative anaerobic endospore-forming bacterium that infects Apis mellifera larvae. Strain MEX14 was isolated from domestic bee larvae collected in a backyard in Mexico City. The estimated genome size was determined to be 4.

Approach to molecular characterization of different strains of Fasciola hepatica using random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction.

The aim of the present study was to genetically characterize Fasciola hepatica strains from diverse ecogeographical regions (America and Europe), susceptible and resistant to Triclabendazole, using the random amplified polymorphic DNA fragments (RAPDs-PCR) technique to elucidate genetic variability between the different isolates. Ten different oligonucleotide primers of 10 bases with GC content varying from 50-70% were used. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was carried out in 25 μl of total volume.

Characterization of lignocellulolytic activities from a moderate halophile strain of Aspergillus caesiellus isolated from a sugarcane bagasse fermentation.

A moderate halophile and thermotolerant fungal strain was isolated from a sugarcane bagasse fermentation in the presence of 2 M NaCl that was set in the laboratory. This strain was identified by polyphasic criteria as Aspergillus caesiellus. The fungus showed an optimal growth rate in media containing 1 M NaCl at 28°C and could grow in media added with up to 2 M NaCl.

Increase of carboxylesterase activity in Fasciola hepatica recovered from triclabendazole treated sheep.

In the present work, we evaluate in vivo the activity of carboxylesterase of Fasciola hepatica exposed to triclabendazole. We observed a statistically significant increase in enzyme activity at 24 and 48 h post treatment (P<0.01 and P<0.