Psychotropic Medication Prescription Patterns in Down Syndrome in a Large Pediatric Specialty Clinic.

Patterns of psychotropic medication use in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) are largely unknown. Clinical decisions are often made from evidence and experience from individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual disability (ID). Longitudinal data from 670 children with DS who received care in a specialty DS clinic from March 2021 to February 2024 were collected.

Involuntary Civil Commitment for Substance Use Disorders in Puerto Rico: Neglected Rights Violations and Implications for Legal Reform.

Laws facilitating the involuntary civil commitment (ICC) of people with substance use disorders vary considerably internationally and across the United States. Puerto Rico, a colonial territory of the United States since 1898, currently harbors the most punitive ICC legislation in the country. It is the only place in the United States where self-sufficient adults who pose no grave danger to themselves or others can be involuntarily committed to restrictive residential facilities for over a year at a time without ever being assessed by a health care professional.

Kinetics and mass spectrometric measurements of myoglobin unfolding in aqueous ionic liquid solutions.

Recent studies have characterized the effects of aqueous ionic liquids on myoglobin unfolding for the broader purposes of understanding their effects on protein structures, stabilities, and ultimately biocompatibilities for future applications. Here, we investigated the effects of four different ionic liquids (ILs) on the thermal stability, unfolding kinetics, and tertiary shape of myoglobin. We compared results for four different ILs: 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIBF4); 1-butyl-3-methyl pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate (PyrrBF4); 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium acetate (EMIAc); and tetramethylguanidinium acetate (TMGAc).

Parental and larval exposure to nicotine modulate spontaneous activity as well as cholinergic and GABA receptor expression in adult C. elegans.

Early nicotine exposure has been associated with many long-term consequences that include neuroanatomical alterations, as well as behavioral and cognitive deficits. To describe the effects of early nicotine exposure in Caenorhabditis elegans, the current study observed spontaneous locomotor activity (i.e.