Prevalence and predictors of bacteremia in dairy calves with diarrhea.

Gastrointestinal disease is the most common cause of mortality in dairy calves. Septicemia is an important sequela of diarrhea, and the possibility of bacteremia is the primary justification for empirical antimicrobial therapy. Prior reports estimate that approximately one-third of diarrheic calves are bacteremic; however, those estimates may not be representative of routine cases in heifer calves on commercial dairy operations early in the course of disease.

Microbial community diversity patterns are related to physical and chemical differences among temperate lakes near Beaver Island, MI.

Lakes are dynamic and complex ecosystems that can be influenced by physical, chemical, and biological processes. Additionally, individual lakes are often chemically and physically distinct, even within the same geographic region. Here we show that differences in physicochemical conditions among freshwater lakes located on (and around) the same island, as well as within the water column of each lake, are significantly related to aquatic microbial community diversity.