Retinal microglia express more MHC class I and promote greater T-cell-driven inflammation than brain microglia.

Introduction: Macrophage function is determined by microenvironment and origin. Brain and retinal microglia are both derived from yolk sac progenitors, yet their microenvironments differ. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from mice, we tested the hypothesis that retinal and brain microglia exhibit distinct transcriptional profiles due to their unique microenvironments.

The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Black Women with Depressive Symptoms at a Federally Qualified Health Center.

While the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted Black American communities, there is a lack of empirical research examining mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among this population. This report examines the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and stress, depression, and anxiety among Black women. A cohort study with supplementary data was conducted among 45 Black American women with depressive symptoms participating in an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based intervention (M-Body) at a Federally Qualified Health Center.

Leptin and adiposity measures from birth to later childhood: Findings from the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes Follow-Up Study.

Background: Cord blood (CB) leptin is positively associated with adiposity at birth, but the association with child adiposity is unclear.

Objectives: We hypothesized that CB leptin is positively associated with adiposity in peripubertal children and with childhood leptin.

Methods: Leptin was measured in 986 CB and 931 childhood stored samples from a prospective birth cohort.

Tissue-resident, extravascular Ly6c monocytes are critical for inflammation in the synovium.

Monocytes are abundant immune cells that infiltrate inflamed organs. However, the majority of monocyte studies focus on circulating cells, rather than those in tissue. Here, we identify and characterize an intravascular synovial monocyte population resembling circulating non-classical monocytes and an extravascular tissue-resident monocyte-lineage cell (TR-MC) population distinct in surface marker and transcriptional profile from circulating monocytes, dendritic cells, and tissue macrophages that are conserved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Urinary metal profiles in mother-offspring pairs and their association with early dysglycemia in the International Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow Up Study (HAPO-FUS).

Background: Variations in dietary intake and environmental exposure patterns of essential and non-essential trace metals influence many aspects of human health throughout the life span.

Objective: To examine the relationship between urine profiles of essential and non-essential metals in mother-offspring pairs and their association with early dysglycemia.

Methods: Herein, we report findings from an ancillary study to the international Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-Up Study (HAPO-FUS) that examined urinary essential and non-essential metal profiles from mothers and offspring ages 10-14 years (1012 mothers, 1013 offspring, 968 matched pairs) from 10 international sites.