Impact of Different Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Schemes in Cross-Neutralization Against Heterologous Serotype O Strains in Cattle.

The high antigenic variability of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) represents a challenge for developing prophylactic strategies, stressing the need for research into vaccines offering broad protection against a range of virus strains. Here, the heterotypic cross-reaction using different vaccine schemes against serotype O strains was studied, evaluating the impact of revaccination, antigen dose, and incorporation of additional FMDV serotypes. Naïve cattle were immunized with seven distinct FMDV vaccines, receiving three doses of the same formulation at 0, 28, and 56 days post-primary vaccination (dpv).

Chronic NOD2 stimulation by MDP confers protection against parthanatos through M2b macrophage polarization in RAW264.7 cells.

Innate immune cells show enhanced responsiveness to secondary challenges after an initial non-related stimulation (Trained Innate Immunity, TII). Acute NOD2 activation by Muramyl-Dipeptide (MDP) promotes TII inducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, while a sustained MDP-stimulation down-regulates the inflammatory response, restoring tolerance. Here we characterized in-vitro the response of murine macrophages to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge under NOD2-chronic stimulation.

Kinetics of foot-and-mouth disease vaccine-induced antibody responses in buffaloes (): avidity ELISA as an alternative to the virus neutralization test.

The role of water buffaloes in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemiology as one of the major hosts of the virus that can develop persistent asymptomatic infection highlights the importance of sustaining surveillance on the antibody response elicited by vaccination in these animals. There is gap in the knowledge on how serological assays that measure antibodies against capsid proteins perform with buffalo samples and which would be the most reliable test to substitute the virus neutralization test (VNT) a cumbersome and low-throughput tool for field surveillance. Alternatively, the liquid-phase blocking sandwich ELISA (LPBE) is commonly used.

Assessment on Different Vaccine Formulation Parameters in the Protection against Heterologous Challenge with FMDV in Cattle.

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) remains one of the major threats to animal health worldwide. Its causative agent, the FMD virus (FMDV), affects cloven-hoofed animals, including farm animals and wildlife species, inflicting severe damage to the international trade and livestock industry. FMDV antigenic variability remains one of the biggest challenges for vaccine-based control strategies.

Sickness Presenteeism in the Aftermath of COVID-19: Is Presenteeism Remote-Work Behavior the New (Ab)normal?

Due to the confinement imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic situation, companies adopted remote work more than ever. The rapid rise of remote work also affected local life and many employers introduced or extended their telework activities because of the associated advantages. However, despite the evident positive benefits, some employees were pressured to work remotely while ill.

Relative model selection of evolutionary substitution models can be sensitive to multiple sequence alignment uncertainty.

Background: Multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) represent the fundamental unit of data inputted to most comparative sequence analyses. In phylogenetic analyses in particular, errors in MSA construction have the potential to induce further errors in downstream analyses such as phylogenetic reconstruction itself, ancestral state reconstruction, and divergence time estimation. In addition to providing phylogenetic methods with an MSA to analyze, researchers must also specify a suitable evolutionary model for the given analysis.

-Stimulated Platelets Activate Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Increasing Cell Transmigration through the Erk1/2 Pathway.

Central nervous system invasion by bacteria of the genus results in an inflammatory disorder called neurobrucellosis. A common feature associated with this pathology is blood-brain barrier (BBB) activation. However, the underlying mechanisms involved with such BBB activation remain unknown.

Effect of Substrates' Compliance on the Jumping Mechanism of .

Locusts generally live and move in complex environments including different kind of substrates, ranging from compliant leaves to stiff branches. Since the contact force generates deformation of the substrate, a certain amount of energy is dissipated each time when locust jumps from a compliant substrate. In published researches, it is proven that only tree frogs are capable of recovering part of the energy that had been accumulated in the substrate as deformation energy in the initial pushing phase, just before leaving the ground.

The role of viral particle integrity in the serological assessment of foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine-induced immunity in swine.

The efficacy of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) inactivated vaccines is mainly dependent on the integrity of the whole (146S) viral particles. If the intact capsids disassemble to 12S subunits, antibodies against internal-not protective epitopes, may be induced. Serological correlates with protection may be hampered if antibodies against internal epitopes are measured.

Improvements in Psychological and Occupational Well-being Following a Brief Yoga-Based Program for Education Professionals.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine changes in psychological and occupational well-being in education professionals who attended a yoga-based program.

Methods: Education professionals who attended a 3-day yoga-based RISE (resilience, integration, self-awareness, engagement) program were recruited to participate. RISE was administered at the Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health.

Immune Mediators of Pathology in Neurobrucellosis: From Blood to Central Nervous System.

Neurobrucellosis, which is the most morbid form of brucellosis disease, presents with inflammatory signs and symptoms. Recent experimental evidence clearly indicates that deregulation of astrocytes and microglia caused by Brucella infection creates a microenvironment in the central nervous system (CNS) in which secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators lead to destabilization of the glial structure, the damage of the blood brain barrier (BBB) and neuronal demise. This review of Brucella interactions with cells of the CNS and the BBB is intended to present recent immunological findings that can explain, at least in part, the basis for the inflammatory pathogenesis of the nervous system that takes place upon Brucella infection.

Improvements in Psychological and Occupational Well-Being in a Pragmatic Controlled Trial of a Yoga-Based Program for Professionals.

The purpose of this pragmatic controlled trial was to examine changes in psychological and occupational well-being in professionals who attended a yoga-based program. The 5-day RISE (resilience, integration, self-awareness, engagement) program was delivered at the Kripalu Center for Yoga & Health. RISE included 5 h per day of yoga, meditation, lectures, and experiential activities.

Traverses Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Using Infected Monocytes as a Trojan Horse.

Neurobrucellosis is an inflammatory disease caused by the invasion of spp. to the central nervous system (CNS). The pathogenesis of the disease is not well characterized; however, for to gain access to the brain parenchyma, traversing of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) must take place.

Systemic antibodies administered by passive immunization prevent generalization of the infection by foot-and-mouth disease virus in cattle after oronasal challenge.

The role of passively transferred sera in the protection against aerogenous foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus infection in cattle was evaluated using vaccine-induced immune serum preparations obtained at 7 and 26 days post-vaccination (dpv). We showed that circulating antibodies were sufficient to prevent disease generalization after oronasal infection in animals passively transferred with 26-dpv serum but not with the 7-dpv serum. Conversely, conventional FMD vaccination provided clinical protection at 7 dpv, promoting fast and robust antibody responses upon challenge and even though antibody titers were similar to those found in animals passively immunized with 7-dpv serum.

Improvements in Psychological Health Following a Residential Yoga-Based Program for Frontline Professionals.

Objective: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of a residential yoga-based program on psychological health and health behaviors in frontline professionals.

Methods: Frontline professionals from education, health care, human services, and corrections participated in the RISE (Resilience, Integration, Self-awareness, Engagement) program and completed questionnaires at baseline, post-program, and 2 months following RISE.

Results: Paired samples t tests revealed improvements in mindfulness, stress, resilience, affect, and sleep quality from baseline to post-program (all Ps < 0.

Brucella abortus-activated microglia induce neuronal death through primary phagocytosis.

Inflammation has long been implicated as a contributor to pathogenesis in neurobrucellosis. Many of the associated neurocognitive symptoms of neurobrucellosis may be the result of neuronal dysfunction resulting from the inflammatory response induced by Brucella abortus infection in the central nervous system. In this manuscript, we describe an immune mechanism for inflammatory activation of microglia that leads to neuronal death upon B.

The role of NLRP3 and AIM2 in inflammasome activation during Brucella abortus infection.

The innate immune system is essential for the detection and elimination of bacterial pathogens. Upon inflammasome activation, caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 to their mature forms IL-1β and IL-18, respectively, and the cell undergoes inflammatory death termed pyroptosis. Here, we reviewed recent findings demonstrating that Brucella abortus ligands activate NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes which lead to control of infection.

Glial Cell-Elicited Activation of Brain Microvasculature in Response to Brucella abortus Infection Requires ASC Inflammasome-Dependent IL-1β Production.

Blood-brain barrier activation and/or dysfunction are a common feature of human neurobrucellosis, but the underlying pathogenic mechanisms are largely unknown. In this article, we describe an immune mechanism for inflammatory activation of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) in response to infection with Brucella abortus Infection of HBMEC with B. abortus induced the secretion of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1, and the upregulation of CD54 (ICAM-1), consistent with a state of activation.

Going to work ill: A meta-analysis of the correlates of presenteeism and a dual-path model.

Interest in presenteeism, attending work while ill, has flourished in light of its consequences for individual well-being and organizational productivity. Our goal was to identify its most significant causes and correlates by quantitatively summarizing the extant research. Additionally, we built an empirical model of some key correlates and compared the etiology of presenteeism versus absenteeism.

The reliability, validity, and accuracy of self-reported absenteeism from work: a meta-analysis.

Because of a variety of access limitations, self-reported absenteeism from work is often employed in research concerning health, organizational behavior, and economics, and it is ubiquitous in large scale population surveys in these domains. Several well established cognitive and social-motivational biases suggest that self-reports of absence will exhibit convergent validity with records-based measures but that people will tend to underreport the behavior. We used meta-analysis to summarize the reliability, validity, and accuracy of absence self-reports.

Brucella abortus induces TNF-α-dependent astroglial MMP-9 secretion through mitogen-activated protein kinases.

Background: Central nervous system (CNS) invasion by bacteria of the genus Brucella results in an inflammatory disorder called neurobrucellosis. We have recently demonstrated that B. abortus infects microglia and astrocytes, eliciting the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines which contribute to CNS damage.

Brucella abortus induces apoptosis of human T lymphocytes.

Immune evasion is essential for Brucella abortus to survive in the face of robust adaptive CD4+ T cell response. We have previously demonstrated that B. abortus can indirectly inhibit CD4+ T cells by down-regulating MHC-II expression and antigen presentation on macrophages.

Macrophage-elicited osteoclastogenesis in response to Brucella abortus infection requires TLR2/MyD88-dependent TNF-α production.

Osteoarticular complications are common in human brucellosis, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In this manuscript, we described an immune mechanism for inflammatory bone loss in response to infection by Brucella abortus. We established a requirement for MyD88 and TLR2 in TNF-α-elicited osteoclastogenesis in response to B.

Simultaneous determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in baby foods and paprika by HPLC with fluorescence detection: a single-laboratory validation study.

Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of fungal origin, the major mycotoxins of food concern are aflatoxins and ochratoxin A. Due to the wide range of matrices susceptible to mycotoxin contamination, the possible co-occurrence, and the very wide range of concentration, validated versatile multi-mycotoxin and multi-matrix methods are strongly requested. A reversed phase HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of aflatoxins and ochratoxin A in baby foods and paprika was set up.