Real-world status of multimodal treatment of Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer in Japan: Results from the SOLUTION study, a non-interventional, multicenter cohort study.

Objectives: There is limited consensus on resectability criteria for Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We examined the patient characteristics, N2 status, treatment decisions, and clinical outcomes according to the treatment modality for Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in Japan.

Materials And Methods: Patients with Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in Japan were consecutively registered in the SOLUTION study between 2013 and 2014.

Randomized Phase II Trial of Amrubicin Plus Irinotecan Versus Cisplatin Plus Irinotecan in Chemo-naïve Patients With Extensive-Disease Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results of the Japan Multinational Trial Organization (JMTO) LC 08-01.

Background: We conducted a randomize phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of topoisomerase II inhibitor amrubicin plus topoisomerase I inhibitor irinotecan (AI) compared with cisplatin plus irinotecan (PI) as first-line therapy in patients with extensive-disease (ED) small-cell lung cancer (SCLC).

Patients And Methods: Chemo-naïve patients with pathologically proven ED-SCLC (including limited disease (LD) SCLC with malignant effusion) were enrolled. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive either AI (amrubicin 90mg/m on day 1 and irinotecan 50mg/m on days 1 and 8 of a 21-day cycle) or PI (cisplatin 60mg/m on day 1 and irinotecan 60mg/m on days 1, 8 and 15 of a 28-day cycle).

Afatinib treatment of severe respiratory failure due to malignant lymphangitis in a dialysis patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung.

Patients on dialysis have limited treatment options for advanced lung cancer because some chemotherapeutic agents are unavailable due to renal dysfunction. A man in his 70s on peritoneal dialysis presented with persistent fever refractory to antibiotics for 2 weeks. Subsequent whole-body CT showed a 5 cm diameter mass in the right lower lobe of the lung with right-sided pleural effusion and osteolytic metastasis of the right iliac bone.

Safety of flexible bronchoscopy and clinical course for elderly patients with suspected primary lung cancer.

Background: There have been several reports demonstrating the safety of flexible bronchoscopy (FB) in the elderly, but none have focused specifically on lung cancer, which is a frequent biopsy procedure.

Methods: In this study, we retrospectively evaluated the safety of FB and subsequent treatment in elderly patients with suspected primary lung cancer. Elderly patients were defined as 75 years of age or older.

Pegfilgrastim-Induced Aortitis in a Patient with Small-Cell Lung Cancer Who Received Immunotherapy Combined with Chemotherapy.

Introduction: Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), including pegfilgrastim, increases the peripheral blood leukocyte count and is widely used in clinical practice in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy. The most frequent side effects of G-CSF are pain and fever; aortitis, in contrast, is a rare and serious side effect.

Case Presentation: A 73-year-old man with small-cell lung cancer was treated with a full dose of a combination of carboplatin/etoposide/durvalumab and pegfilgrastim.

Kristen rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) G12F-positive non-small cell lung cancer mimicking KRAS G12C positivity: A case report.

Searching for driver gene alteration is a prerequisite for chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. Due to its high sensitivity and concordance rate, the Amoy Dx Pan Lung Cancer PCR panel has been approved and is widely used in Japan. In this report, we describe a case in which a positive result for Kristen rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) exon2 p.

Successful Rechallenge with Osimertinib following Osimertinib-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia: A Case Report.

Osimertinib, a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first-line treatment for metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with sensitizing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. It is known to cause drug-induced cardiotoxicity, including QT prolongation syndrome, heart failure, and ventricular arrhythmias, which can lead to sudden death. Once severe arrhythmias occur, it is difficult to continue osimertinib treatment.

Safety and Efficacy of Flexible Bronchoscopy in Elderly Patients: A Retrospective Comparative Study.

Background: Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is a common method used for diagnostic sampling of the thorax. Although the safety and efficacy of FB in the general population are well-established, data on the elderly population are limited. This study aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of FB in elderly people aged ≥80 years.

Simultaneous regression of non-small cell lung cancer and orbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma with chemoradiotherapy for lung cancer.

This report describes the case of a 79-year-old Japanese man diagnosed with orbital extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) and stage IIIA lung cancer. The patient received concurrent chemoradiation for lung cancer with carboplatin/paclitaxel treatment, resulting in regression of both the lymphoma and lung cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of concurrent orbital EMZL and lung cancer.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the trajectory of the number of bronchoscopies performed in a tertiary hospital in Kyoto city.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has restricted many medical practices. We aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of bronchoscopies, outpatients, and hospital admissions. We retrospectively analyzed the number of outpatients, admissions, and bronchoscopies performed between March 2020 and May 2022.

A 92-year-old patient with thoracic empyema successfully treated by CT-guided insertion of a pigtail catheter.

We present a case report of a 92-year-old patient with thoracic empyema, who was successfully treated via CT-guided insertion of a pigtail catheter. The advanced age of the patient often poses challenges in managing pyothorax due to limited physical activity and cognitive decline stemming from decreased activities of daily living. In instances where thoracic drainage is not feasible, the course of treatment is protracted and the prognosis is poor.

De Novo SCLC Transformation From G12C-Mutated Lung Adenocarcinoma With Excellent Response to Sotorasib: A Case Report.

The transformation to SCLC is a known mechanism of resistance against molecularly targeted therapies. This study reports a patient with untreated lung adenocarcinoma, characterized by a G12C mutation, which transformed into SCLC before treatment. Both the adenocarcinoma and SCLC components were responsive to sotorasib.

Comparison of the acceptability and safety of molnupiravir in COVID-19 patients aged over and under 80 years.

Background: Molnupiravir is being widely used as a treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); however, its acceptability and safety in older patients aged ≥ 80 years in real-world clinical practice is not well understood.

Methods: We conducted a single-centre retrospective study and assessed the outcome of patients with COVID-19 treated with molnupiravir according to the following criteria: (A) discontinuation rate of molnupiravir; (B) type, frequency, and severity of adverse events; (C) all-cause mortality within 30 days of the diagnosis of COVID-19.

Results: Forty-seven patients (46.

Comparison of frailty in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease and bronchiectasis: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The incidence of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) peaks in middle- and old age groups, coinciding with senescence; thus, chronic infectious diseases can accelerate frailty and worsen mental health in the elderly. In this study, we aimed to compare the prevalence of physical and psychiatric frailty between patients with NTM-LD and bronchiectasis (BE).

Methods: The Kihon Checklist Questionnaire (KCQ) was used to assess physical and psychiatric frailties and identify those at risk of requiring care among patients with newly diagnosed NTM-LD and BE.

Pulmonary Lymphangitis Carcinomatosa Mimicking Immunotherapy-Related Interstitial Pneumonitis: A Case Report.

While immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has achieved promising effects in advanced lung cancer treatment, it can induce some unique adverse events, known as immunotherapy-related adverse events (irAEs). Immunotherapy-related interstitial pneumonitis is one of the irAEs, and its incidence is reported as 3.5-8.

Natural course of pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma over a decade.

Background: Pulmonary hyalinizing granuloma (PHG) is a very rare pulmonary disease characterized by multiple fibrosclerotic inflammatory lung nodules. The disease is supposedly caused by an unusual immune response.

Case Presentation: We present a case involving a 53-year-old female with a history of lumpectomy surgery due to invasive ductal carcinoma who was admitted for slowly progressive pulmonary nodules.

Possible association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with trunk muscle deficits and decrease in energy expenditure in patients with or at risk for COPD: A pilot study.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with low muscle mass and function caused by malnutrition and physical inactivity. We aimed to investigate possible associations between serum biomarkers and clinical traits including computed tomography-derived muscle measurements and energy expenditure indices in COPD.

Methods: Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured by the doubly labeled water method, while physical activity level (PAL) was calculated as TEE/basal metabolic rate.

Primary Pulmonary Malignant Melanoma Successfully Treated with Immunotherapy in a 90-Year-Old Patient.

Malignant melanoma is a rare and high-grade cancer. It most commonly affects the skin, but it has the potential to involve all areas of the body. Primary pulmonary malignant melanoma is rare, accounting for only 0.

Synthesis of a Negatively Curved Nanocarbon Molecule with an Octagonal Omphalos via Design-of-Experiments Optimizations Supplemented by Machine Learning.

A saddle-shaped nanocarbon molecule was synthesized, which revealed the existence of negative Gauss curvatures on a >3-nm molecular structure possessing 192 π-electrons. The synthesis was facilitated by a protocol developed with Design-of-Experiments optimizations and machine-learning predictions, and spectroscopy and crystallography were used to reveal the saddle-shaped structure of the molecule. Solution-phase analyses showed the presence of dimeric assembly, and crystallographic analyses revealed the stacked dimeric structures.

Serial interferon-gamma release assay in lung cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a prospective cohort study.

Recent advancements in cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have received considerable attention. Although advantageous, ICI therapies cause unique immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in some patients. Moreover, infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, have been recognized as emerging concerns during immunotherapy.