Parental intentions and requests to provide pain care for their infants in neonatal intensive care units.

Purpose: The Japan Association of Neonatal Nursing evaluated the pain care provided by parents to their infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). However, further collaborations with families based on family-centered care are necessary to clarify the parental intentions and requests regarding pain care for their infants. This study aimed to describe the experiences and content of nonpharmacological pain care provided by parents to their infants, the intentions and requests of parents regarding each type of recommended pain care (irrespective of whether they had provided pain care at the NICU), and the reasons for their hesitation to implement specific pain management methods.

Effects of automatic heel lancet on invasiveness in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: We conducted a meta-analysis comparing the invasiveness of automatic lancet devices, which can collect adequate amount of blood at shallow puncture depths, with conventional manual lance devices (lancet or needle) to statistically identify less invasive instruments for neonatal heel lance.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, and Ichushi databases for studies comparing the invasiveness between automatic lancet and manual lancet or needle in term and preterm neonates in neonatal intensive care unit.

Results: This review included 9 out of 449 searched articles, with 673 neonates.

Use of drugs for hyperlipidaemia and diabetes and risk of primary and secondary brain tumours: nested case-control studies using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Objectives: Previous studies have suggested that fibrates and glitazones may have a role in brain tumour prevention. We examined if there is support for these observations using primary care records from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Design: We conducted two nested case-control studies using primary and secondary brain tumours identified within CPRD between 2000 and 2016.

Consensus core outcome rating for the Japanese neonatal pain guidelines.

Introduction: The Japanese Neonatal Pain Guidelines Committee, led by the Japan Academy of Neonatal Nursing, uses the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation Working Group method to evaluate the quality of evidence and the strength of treatment recommendations. Ratings on the importance of outcomes related to neonatal pain have not been reported. This study aimed to reach a consensus on the importance of outcomes through a guideline panel composed of doctors, nurses, a nurse practitioner, a physical therapist, and families to ensure consistency in systematic reviews of neonatal pain and future revisions to the guidelines.

Effectiveness of a Virtual Program on Nurses' Pain-Related Knowledge and Pain-Measurement Skills.

Background: Aim: To test whether a comprehensive virtual program for using pain scales to manage neonatal pain improved nurses' knowledge and skill acquisition.

Methods: This non-blind randomized controlled trial included 64 participants who were randomly divided into intervention and control groups; changes in scores between pre- and posttests were compared. Certified neonatal intensive care nurses were recruited from across Japan.

Verbal fluency as a quick and simple tool to help in deciding when to refer patients with a possible brain tumour.

Background: Patients with brain tumours often present with non-specific symptoms. Correctly identifying who to prioritise for urgent brain imaging is challenging. Brain tumours are amongst the commonest cancers diagnosed as an emergency presentation.

Family Presence Restrictions and Telemedicine Use in Neonatal Intensive Care Units during the Coronavirus Disease Pandemic.

We aimed to describe parental presence policy and telemedicine use in Japanese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) before and during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study was performed through an online survey in 110 level III units from 19 November 2020 to 18 December 2020. Nurses' evaluation of the current situation (during COVID-19) was compared with their retrospective pre-COVID-19 (December 2019) evaluation.

Effectiveness of e-Learning on Neonatal Nurses' Pain Knowledge and Pain Measurement Skills: A Pilot Study.

Background: Reported benefits of virtual programs include user satisfaction and feasibility to train nurses to utilize pain scales. However, the effectiveness of the virtual neonatal pain management program on nurses' knowledge and scoring skill acquisition has not been examined.

Purpose: This study developed a comprehensive virtual program on neonatal pain management and examined its effectiveness on nurses' knowledge and skill acquisition of selected pain scales.

Can Event-Related Potentials Evoked by Heel Lance Assess Pain Processing in Neonates? A Systematic Review.

To clarify the possibility of event-related potential (ERP) evoked by heel lance in neonates as an index of pain assessment, knowledge acquired by and problems of the methods used in studies on ERP evoked by heel lance in neonates were systematically reviewed, including knowledge about Aδ and C fibers responding to noxious stimuli and Aβ fibers responding to non-noxious stimuli. Of the 863 reports searched, 19 were selected for the final analysis. The following points were identified as problems for ERP evoked by heel lance in neonates to serve as a pain assessment index: (1) It is possible that the ERP evoked by heel lance reflected the activation of Aβ fibers responding to non-noxious stimuli and not the activation of Aδ or C fibers responding to noxious stimulation; (2) Sample size calculation was presented in few studies, and the number of stimulation trials to obtain an averaged ERP was small.

Economic evaluation of GPs' direct access to computed tomography for identification of brain tumours.

Background: When GPs suspect a brain tumour, a referral for specialist assessment and subsequent brain imaging is generally the first option. NICE has recommended that GPs have rapid direct access to brain imaging for adults with progressive sub-acute loss of central nervous function; however, no studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness.

Methods: We developed a cost-effectiveness model based on data from one region of the UK with direct access computed tomography (DACT), routine data from GP records and the literature, to explore whether unrestricted DACT for patients with suspected brain tumour might be more cost-effective than criteria-based DACT or no DACT.

The usefulness of symptoms alone or combined for general practitioners in considering the diagnosis of a brain tumour: a case-control study using the clinical practice research database (CPRD) (2000-2014).

Objectives: To evaluate the utility of different symptoms, alone or combined, presented to primary care for an adult brain tumour diagnosis.

Design And Setting: Matched case-control study, using the data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2000-2014) from primary care consultations in the UK.

Method: All presentations within 6 months of the index diagnosis date (cases) or equivalent (controls) were coded into 32 symptom groups.

The impact of the guideline for pain management in Japanese neonatal intensive care units: A 5-year follow-up.

Background: This study presented the guidelines for the prevention and management of procedural pain management in Japan and investigated the impact of these guidelines on Japanese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether the published national guidelines influenced organizational factors that could lead to improved pain management and, if so, whether the number of units that perform pain assessments, the administration of local guidelines and collaboration among health care professionals had improved in the 5-year period from 2012 to 2017.

Method: An anonymous questionnaire was sent to 106 Level 3 NICUs across Japan.

Symptoms in primary care with time to diagnosis of brain tumours.

Background: Brain tumours often present with varied, non-specific features with other diagnoses usually being more likely.

Objective: To examine how different symptoms and patient demographics predict variations in time to brain tumour diagnosis.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of brain tumour cases from National Audit of Cancer Diagnosis in Primary Care.

Dietary Protein Intake and Stroke Risk in a General Japanese Population: The Hisayama Study.

Background And Purpose: The influence of dietary protein intake on stroke risk is an area of interest. We investigated the association between dietary protein intake and stroke risk in Japanese, considering sources of protein.

Methods: A total of 2400 subjects aged 40 to 79 years were followed up for 19 years.

A Quality Improvement Collaborative Program for Neonatal Pain Management in Japan.

Background: Neonatal pain management guidelines have been released; however, there is insufficient systematic institutional support for the adoption of evidence-based pain management in Japan.

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of a collaborative quality improvement program on the implementation of pain management improvements in Japanese neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).

Methods: Seven Japanese level III NICUs participated in a neonatal pain management quality improvement program based on an Institute for Healthcare Improvement collaborative model.

Dietary pattern, inflammation and cognitive decline: The Whitehall II prospective cohort study.

Background & Aims: Low-grade inflammation appears to play an etiological role in cognitive decline. However the association between an inflammatory dietary pattern and cognitive decline has not been investigated. We aimed to investigate dietary patterns associated with inflammation and whether such diet is associated with cognitive decline.

Midlife and Late-Life Smoking and Risk of Dementia in the Community: The Hisayama Study.

Objectives: To clarify the association between midlife and late-life smoking and risk of dementia.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Hisayama Study, Japan.

Development of a Neonatal End-of-Life Care Education Program for NICU Nurses in Japan.

We developed the first end-of-life care education program for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses in Japan. It focused on ethical decision making, care of dying neonates, bereavement, and cultural communication. The program improved nurses' knowledge, F(2.

Subsequent pregnancy after having a baby who was hospitalized in the NICU.

Purpose: To understand experiences of mothers who had a baby hospitalized in the NICU and then decided to have another pregnancy.

Study Design And Methods: We used a descriptive phenomenological approach to study 12 mothers in Japan who had a child hospitalized in the NICU and had a subsequent child. Data were collected by semistructured interviews that occurred two to four times per participant.

Milk and dairy consumption and risk of dementia in an elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

Objectives: To determine the effect of milk and dairy intake on the development of all-cause dementia and its subtypes in an elderly Japanese population.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: The Hisayama Study, Japan.

Association between ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Hisayama Study.

Objective: We examined the association between the ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid (EPA/AA) or the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/AA and the development of cardiovascular disease in a general Japanese population.

Methods: A total of 3103 community-dwelling Japanese individuals aged ≥40 years were followed up for an average of 5.1 years.

Dietary patterns and risk of dementia in an elderly Japanese population: the Hisayama Study.

Background: To our knowledge, there are no previous reports that assessed the association between dietary patterns and risk of dementia in Asian populations.

Objective: We investigated dietary patterns and their potential association with risk of incident dementia in a general Japanese population.

Design: A total of 1006 community-dwelling Japanese subjects without dementia, aged 60-79 y, were followed up for a median of 15 y.