Cerebral blood flow in relation to peripheral endothelial function in youth bipolar disorder.

Introduction: Anomalous cerebral blood flow (CBF) is evident in bipolar disorder (BD), however the extent to which CBF reflects peripheral vascular function in BD is unknown. This study investigated endothelial function, an index of early atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease risk, in relation to CBF among youth with BD.

Methods: Participants included 113 youth, 13-20 years old (66 BD; 47 healthy controls [HC]).

[Reduction of Motion Artifacts in Liver MRI Using Deep Learning with High-pass Filtering].

Purpose: To investigate whether deep learning with high-pass filtering can be used to effectively reduce motion artifacts in magnetic resonance (MR) images of the liver.

Methods: The subjects were 69 patients who underwent liver MR examination at our hospital. Simulated motion artifact images (SMAIs) were created from non-artifact images (NAIs) and used for deep learning.

White matter microstructural integrity is associated with retinal vascular caliber in adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Objective: Reduced white matter integrity is observed in bipolar disorder (BD), and is associated with cardiovascular risk in adults. This topic is underexplored in youth, and in BD, where novel microvascular measures may help to inform understanding of the vascular-brain connection. We therefore examined the association of retinal vascular caliber with white matter integrity in a cross-sectional sample of adolescents with and without BD.

Association of cannabis use with neurocognition in adolescents with bipolar disorder.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) and cannabis use are each associated with neurocognitive deficits in adolescents. However, little is known regarding the association of neurocognition with cannabis use among adolescents with BD. Therefore, we examined this topic in a sample of adolescents with BD and healthy control (HC) adolescents.

Systematic review and meta-analysis of retinal microvascular caliber in bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, and schizophrenia.

Background: Individuals with a severe mental illness (SMI), such as bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia (SZ), have increased rates of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Interestingly, it has been reported that retinal microvessels, a proxy cerebrovascular measure, non-invasively assessed via retinal imaging, predict future cardiovascular disease, with some studies also showing anomalous retinal microvascular caliber in SMI. Therefore, this review and meta-analysis evaluated whether retinal microvascular caliber differs between individuals with SMI vs controls and summarized current findings.

Exercise preference and tolerance in youth with bipolar disorder.

Background: Despite the multiple potential benefits, individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) report lower levels of moderate-vigorous exercise. We examined the correlates of exercise preference and tolerance among youth with BD, to inform future exercise intervention studies.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study 107 adolescents (n = 54 BD, n = 53 healthy controls [HC]) completed the self-reported Preference for and Tolerance of the Intensity of Exercise Questionnaire, a 20-minute bout of moderate intensity aerobic exercise, and the Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion.

Factors Associated With Sleep Disturbance Amongst Youth With Bipolar Disorder.

Background: While sleep disturbances and their impact on functioning are well-established in adults with bipolar disorder (BD), little is known about this topic in youth.

Objective: This study investigates the prevalence and correlates of sleep disturbance among youth with BD.

Methods: The study included 103 youth (72 BD, 31 healthy controls [HC]), ages 14-20 years.

Quantitative evaluation of functional liver reserve using the liver-to-spleen ΔR ratio based on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI: corrected for the effect of gadoxetic acid dose.

Background: The liver T reduction rate can be used to assess liver function. However, higher doses of gadoxetic acid may shorten the liver T value in the hepatobiliary phase and increase the T reduction rate in patients with severe liver dysfunction, potentially overestimating liver function.

Purpose: To verify the relationship between the gadoxetic acid dose and the liver T reduction rate and ΔR of the liver and spleen, and to clarify whether the ΔR of hepatocytes, corrected for the effect of gadoxetic acid dose, could be used as an index of functional liver reserve.

Neurovascular correlates of retinal microvascular caliber in adolescent bipolar disorder.

Background: The connection between vascular and brain metrics is well-studied in older adults, but neglected in youth and in psychiatric populations at increased cardiovascular risk. We therefore examined the association of retinal vascular caliber with cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adolescents with and without bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Ninety-four adolescents (n = 48 BD, n = 46 controls) completed retinal fundus imaging, yielding estimates of arteriolar and venular diameter.

[Feasibility of Cerebrovascular Reserve Assessment Using Stretched Exponential Model in Major Cerebral Artery Steno-occlusive Disease: Comparison with SPECT].

Purpose: To clarify whether diffusion-weighted imaging using stretched exponential model can assess cerebrovascular reserve (CVR) in patients with major cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease, we compared stretched exponential parameters and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT).

Methods: Twenty-nine patients with unilateral major cerebral artery steno-occlusive disease (25 men and 4 women; age, 69±11 years) were analyzed in this study. The patients were divided into three groups: normal CVR (CVR≥30%), moderate CVR (10%≤CVR<30%), and severe CVR (CVR<10%).

Prevalence and correlates of childhood-onset bipolar disorder among adolescents.

Aim: Early-onset bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with a more severe illness as well as a number of clinical factors among adults. Early-onset can be categorized as childhood- (age < 13) or adolescent- (age ≥ 13) onset, with the two displaying different clinical profiles. We set out to examine differences in clinical, and familial characteristics among adolescents with childhood- versus adolescent-onset BD.

[Effects of Changing the Source-to-image Receptor Distance Parameter of Scattered X-ray Correction after Exposure on Image Quality in Portable Chest Radiography].

Purpose: To validate the effects of changing the source-to-image receptor distance (SID) parameter of scattered X-ray correction after exposure on the image quality in portable chest radiography.

Methods: The actual SID and tube current-time product (mAs) were varied such that the direct X-ray dose to a flat panel detector (FPD) remained constant. We created two groups as follows: Group A (with the SID parameter unchanged) and Group B (with the SID parameter changed to the actual SID after a phantom chest exposure).

Association of Lithium and Second-Generation Antipsychotics with Neurocognition in Youth with Bipolar Disorder.

Numerous studies have examined the association of antimanic medications with neurocognition in adults with bipolar disorder (BD). However, few studies have examined this topic in youth. Thus, we aimed to examine the association of lithium and second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs), the first-line antimanic medications for youth with BD, with neurocognition in a relatively large sample of youth with BD.

Neurostructural correlates of retinal microvascular caliber in adolescent bipolar disorder.

Objectives: Vascular-brain associations are well established in adults but neglected in youth and psychiatric populations, who are at greater cardiovascular risk. We therefore examined the association of retinal vascular caliber with regional brain structure in adolescents with and without bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: One hundred and three adolescents ( = 51 BD,  = 52 healthy control [HC]) completed retinal fundus imaging, yielding arteriolar and venular diameters, followed by T1-weighted 3-Tesla MRI.

Improvement in the contrast-to-noise ratio and quantitative measurement of T and T* values for carotid atherosclerotic plaque using multi-echo phase-sensitive inversion recovery.

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging is required to accurately evaluate carotid plaque vulnerability. We prospectively evaluated the potential for fast quantitative black-blood carotid vessel wall imaging using a three-dimensional (3D) multi-echo phase-sensitive inversion recovery (mPSIR) sequence. Forty-nine patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques were examined.

Prevalence and correlates of police contact amongst youth with bipolar disorder.

Objectives: While multiple studies have examined prevalence and correlates of police contact in adults with bipolar disorder (BD), literature on this topic in youth is sparse. We therefore examined the prevalence and correlates of police contact amongst youth with BD.

Methods: The study included 197 youth with BD and 127 healthy controls, ages 14-20 years.

Quantitative evaluation of focal liver lesions with T1 mapping using a phase-sensitive inversion recovery sequence on gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI.

Purpose: To determine the usefulness of T1 values measured using a phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequence for the diagnosis of focal liver lesions.

Method: The study enrolled 87 patients who underwent gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of 38 hepatocellular carcinomas, 33 hepatic hemangiomas, 30 metastatic liver tumors, and 14 hepatic cysts. PSIR was performed before and 15 min after contrast agent administration, and then the respective T1 values were measured and the T1 reduction rate was calculated.

Agonist and Antagonist-Diverted Twisting Motions of a Single TRPV1 Channel.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channels are activated by heat, vanilloids, and extracellular protons. Cryo-EM has revealed various conformations of TRPV1, and these structures suggest an intramolecular twisting motion in response to ligand binding. However, limited experimental data support this observation.

Prevalence of white matter hyperintensities is not elevated in a large sample of adolescents and young adults with bipolar disorder.

Objective: The increased prevalence rate of white matter hyperintensities is one of the most consistently reported brain abnormalities in adults with bipolar disorder. However, findings in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder are less consistent. Prior studies have been constrained by small sample sizes and/or poor age- and sex-matching of healthy controls.

Predictors for upstaging of ductal carcinoma (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma in non-mass-type DCIS.

Preoperatively diagnosed ductal carcinoma (DCIS) is sometimes upstaged to invasive cancer by postoperative pathological examination. Various preoperative factors associated with upstaging to invasive cancer have been reported; however, this subject remains to be clarified. DCIS takes various forms on imaging, but many cases show non-mass-type lesions.