How climate change affects parasites: the case of trematode parasite and its fish host .

This study was undertaken to understand the impact of climate change on the ecology of infection of , a model trematode parasite. We analysed climate change data and data from infected fish over a period of seven years (2007-2013) from the Aligarh region (India) in this retrospective study. We show that infection of the trematode parasite (Rudolphi, 1814) in the forage fish is dependent on surface air temperature amongst the (ecologically) relevant climate change variables for both the parasite and its host.

On-road emissions of CO, CO and NO from four wheeler and emission estimates for Delhi.

This study presents the emission factor of gaseous pollutants (CO, CO, and NO) from on-road tailpipe measurement of 14 passenger cars of different types of fuel and vintage. The trolley equipped with stainless steel duct, vane probe velocity meter, flue gas analyzer, Nondispersive infra red (NDIR) CO analyzer, temperature, and relative humidity (RH) sensors was connected to the vehicle using a towing system. Lower CO and higher NO emissions were observed from new diesel cars (post 2010) compared to old cars (post 2005), which implied that new technological advancement in diesel fueled passenger cars to reduce CO emission is a successful venture, however, the use of turbo charger in diesel cars to achieve high temperature combustion might have resulted in increased NO emissions.