"Transcriptional Regulation of human NMNAT2: Insights from 3D Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics".

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyl transferases 2 (NMNAT2) is a crucial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-synthesizing enzyme essential for neuronal health. In the Religious Orders Study/Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP), human brain levels of NMNAT2 mRNA positively correlated with cognitive capabilities in older adults. NMNAT2 mRNA abundance is significantly reduced following various insults or proteinopathies.

Plasma miRNAs across the Alzheimer's disease continuum: Relationship to central biomarkers.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in gene expression regulation and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis.

Methods: We investigated the association between baseline plasma miRNAs and central AD biomarkers from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI; N = 803): amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration (A/T/N). Differentially expressed miRNAs and their targets were identified, followed by pathway enrichment analysis.

Therapeutic efficacy of JEW-M449, an anti-TCTP monoclonal antibody, administered via the nasal route in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin-induced acute asthma.

Numerous studies have highlighted the role of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) as a key inflammatory mediator of asthma and allergies. Our previous study revealed that blocking the cytokine-like activity of TCTP using JEW-M449, an anti-TCTP monoclonal antibody (mAb), alleviated allergic inflammation in asthmatic mice. This study aimed to determine whether directly delivering JEW-M449 into the respiratory tract is a more effective way of mitigating airway inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation than delivering this antibody via the intraperitoneal (IP) route.

Targeting the translationally controlled tumor protein by a monoclonal antibody improves allergic airway inflammation in mice.

Secretion of translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was found in body fluids during the late phase of allergic reactions, implicating TCTP in allergic diseases. Furthermore, blocking TCTP has been shown to be helpful in treating asthma and allergies in animal models. The objectives of this study were to produce anti-TCTP monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), test their ability to inhibit the cytokine-like function of dimeric TCTP (dTCTP) in vitro and to assess their therapeutic effects in a murine model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway inflammation.

Living Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization for Precision Synthesis of Length-Controlled Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons and Their Block Copolymers.

The bottom-up synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) offers a promising approach for designing atomically precise GNRs with tuneable photophysical properties, but controlling their length remains a challenge. Herein, we report an efficient synthetic protocol for producing length-controlled armchair GNRs (AGNRs) through living Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) using RuPhos-Pd catalyst and mild graphitization methods. Initially, SCTP of a dialkynylphenylene monomer was optimized by modifying boronates and halide moieties on the monomers, affording poly(2,5-dialkynyl--phenylene) (PDAPP) with controlled molecular weight ( up to 29.

Precision Synthesis of Various Low-Bandgap Donor-Acceptor Alternating Conjugated Polymers via Living Suzuki-Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization.

Herein, we demonstrate that living Suzuki-Miyaura catalyst-transfer polymerization (SCTP) using a RuPhos Pd G3 precatalyst is a versatile method for the precision synthesis of various donor-acceptor alternating conjugated polymers (DA ACPs). First, the living SCTP of biaryl monomers with combinations of both medium to strong A and D were optimized to produce DA ACPs with controlled number average molecular weight (M ), narrow dispersity (Ð, 1.05-1.

Pulsed Electrical Stimulation Enhances Consistency of Directional Migration of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

Electrical stimulation is a well-known strategy for regulating cell behavior, both in pathological and physiological processes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, and embryonic development. Electrotaxis is the directional migration of cells toward the cathode or anode when subjected to electrical stimulation. In this study, we investigated the conditions for enhanced directional migration of electrically stimulated adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) during prolonged culture, using a customized agar-salt electrotaxis chamber.

Induction of DEAD Box helicase 5 in early adipogenesis is regulated by Ten-eleven translocation 2.

Dead box helicase 5 (DDX5) is an RNA helicase that is has cellular function on RNA splicing and transcriptional regulation. It has been reported to be involved in cell differentiation including adipogenesis. However, it is not clear how DDX5 is regulated during adipogenesis.

An Extremely Inexpensive, Simple, and Flexible Carbon Fiber Electrode for Tunable Elastomeric Piezo-Resistive Sensors and Devices Realized by LSTM RNN.

Here, we describe the utility of a carbon fiber (CF) electrode that is inexpensive, simple, and flexible and can be embedded with elastomeric nanocomposite piezo-resistive sensors fabricated from silicone rubber (Ecoflex) blended with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and various wt % of silicone thinner to tune the sensitivity and softness range. The performance of the CF electrode was evaluated on the basis of piezo-resistive responses from the sensors subjected to dynamic sinusoidal compressive strains at different levels and frequencies. The responses were positive-pressure effects with rate-dependent asymmetric nonlinear hysteresis characteristics.

Brain-stiffness-mimicking tilapia collagen gel promotes the induction of dorsal cortical neurons from human pluripotent stem cells.

The mechanical properties of the extracellular microenvironment, including its stiffness, play a crucial role in stem cell fate determination. Although previous studies have demonstrated that the developing brain exhibits spatiotemporal diversity in stiffness, it remains unclear how stiffness regulates stem cell fate towards specific neural lineages. Here, we established a culture substrate that reproduces the stiffness of brain tissue using tilapia collagen for in vitro reconstitution assays.

An extremely simple macroscale electronic skin realized by deep machine learning.

Complicated structures consisting of multi-layers with a multi-modal array of device components, i.e., so-called patterned multi-layers, and their corresponding circuit designs for signal readout and addressing are used to achieve a macroscale electronic skin (e-skin).

Multi-functionalized herringbone carbon nanofiber for anodes of lithium ion batteries.

Herringbone carbon nanofibers (HCNFs) are prepared for use as anode materials in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). HCNFs are prepared using a Ni-Fe catalyst and subsequently multi-functionalized with oxygen using the Hummers' method, and then with both oxygen and nitrogen-containing 2-ureido-4[1H]pyrimidinone (UHP) moieties, which endow the HCNFs with the ability to form quadruple hydrogen bonds (QHBs). The as-prepared HCNFs are, on average, 13 μm in length and 100 nm in diameter, with a highly graphitic structure.

Trileucine residues in a ligand-CPP-based siRNA delivery platform improve endosomal escape of siRNA.

siRNA entrapment within endosomes is a significant problem encountered with siRNA delivery platforms that co-opt receptor-mediated entry pathways. Attachment of a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), such as nona-arginine (9R) to a cell receptor-binding ligand like the Rabies virus glycoprotein, RVG, allows effective siRNA delivery to the cytoplasm by non-endocytic pathways, but a significant amount of siRNA complexes also enters the cell by ligand-induced receptor endocytosis and remain localized in endosomes. Here, we report that the incorporation of trileucine (3 Leu) residues as an endo-osmolytic moiety in the peptide improves endosomal escape and intracellular delivery of siRNA.

Hysteresis compensation of photoluminescence in ZnS:Cu for noncontact shaft torque sensing.

This paper presents a preliminary investigation of loading rate-dependent hysteresis of photoluminescence (PL) by phosphorescence quenching of copper-doped zinc sulfide (ZnS:Cu) microparticles in response to dynamic torsional loading. Precision sinusoidal torque waveforms in the frequency range of 0.5-3 Hz are used to identify the loading rate-dependent (i.

Three-dimensional analysis of the tooth movement and arch dimension changes in Class I malocclusions treated with first premolar extractions: a guideline for virtual treatment planning.

Introduction: Our objective was to analyze patterns of tooth movement and changes of arch dimension by superimposing 3-dimensional (3D) virtual models.

Methods: The sample consisted of 24 Korean adults with Class I malocclusion and minimal crowding, treated by first premolar extractions, sliding mechanics (0.022-in MBT brackets [3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif] with 0.

Laparoscopic placement of a gastric stimulator for the treatment of gastroparesis: a pilot study technique and results.

Aim: To evaluate the safety and outcomes of laparoscopic placement of a gastric stimulator for patients with gastroparesis.

Materials And Methods: Data of all patients who underwent laparoscopic placement of a gastric stimulator between 2003 and 2005 was retrospectively reviewed. Data included; demographics, perioperative course, and outcomes.

Laparoscopic resection of a retroperitoneal degenerative schwannoma: a case report and review of the literature.

Degenerative schwannomas are rare benign tumors. The patient presented in this case report complained of a dull left upper quadrant pain for several months. A computed tomography scan revealed a low-density lesion at the level of T12.

Emergency room visits after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

Background: Patients can be symptomatic after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass because of either surgical complications or physiologic changes and adjustment to the new anatomy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors that could influence the rate of postoperative emergency room admissions (ERAs) and the clinical implication of these visits for patients who have undergone laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Methods: The medical records of patients who underwent laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity from 2001 to 2004 were retrospectively reviewed.

Laparoscopic remnant gastrectomy: a novel approach to gastrogastric fistula after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity.

Background: Gastrogastric fistula (GGF) is a relatively rare and devastating complication after divided Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) for morbid obesity. The aim of this study was to review laparoscopic remnant gastrectomy (LRG) as a novel treatment option for this complication.

Study Design: After IRB approval, we retrospectively reviewed data from all patients who underwent bariatric surgery at Cleveland Clinic Florida and from all patients who were diagnosed with GGF as a complication of RYGB, between January 2000 and March 2005.

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy as treatment for morbid obesity: technique and short-term outcome.

Background: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) are the most commonly performed surgical procedures for weight reduction in the United States. Currently, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is being explored. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and short-term efficacy of LSG as a treatment option for weight reduction.

Frequency and management of internal hernias after laparoscopic antecolic antegastric Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without division of the small bowel mesentery or closure of mesenteric defects: review of 1400 consecutive cases.

Background: It is common practice to close mesenteric defects in abdominal surgery to prevent postoperative herniation and subsequent closed-loop obstruction. The aim of this study was to review our experience with antecolic antegastric laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (AA-LRYGBP) without division of the small bowel mesentery or closure of potential mesenteric defects.

Methods: Data for 1400 patients who underwent AA-LRYGBP between January 2001 and December 2004 was prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed for the incidence of internal hernias.