The effects of daily dose and treatment duration of metformin on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving metformin treatment and to investigate the effects of metformin daily dose and treatment duration on the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency and peripheral neuropathy (PN).

Materials And Methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, 1027 Chinese patients who had been taking ≥1000 mg/day metformin for ≥1 year were enrolled using proportionate stratified random sampling based on daily dose and treatment duration. Primary measures included the prevalence of vitamin B12 deficiency (<148 pmol/L), borderline B12 deficiency (148 pmol/L-211 pmol/L), and PN.

Gut microbiota is associated with differential metabolic characteristics: A study on a defined cohort of Africans and Chinese.

Objective: This study intended to determine the associations between gut microbiota and glucose response in healthy individuals and analyze the connection between the gut microbiome and glucose-metabolism-related parameters.

Methods: Fecal bacterial composition and anthropometric, body composition, body fat distribution, and biochemical measures were analyzed. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was given to each participant to investigate changes in glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), insulin, and glucose.

Schistosoma japonicum infection associated with membranous nephropathy: a case report.

Background: Schistosomiasis is one of the most contagious parasitic diseases affecting humans; however, glomerular injury is a rare complication mainly described with Schistosoma mansoni infection. We report a case of membranous nephropathy associated with Schistosoma japonicum infection in a Chinese man.

Case Presentation: A 51-year-old Chinese male with a long history of S.

Adding Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors to Sulfonylureas and Risk of Hypoglycemia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Hypoglycemia is an important event that could be related to increased mortality in patients with diabetes. The risk of hypoglycemia is not clearly illustrated to increase when Sodiumglucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors are used concomitantly with sulfonylureas. The present study will assess the risk of hypoglycemia associated with the concomitant use of SGLT-2 inhibitors and sulfonylureas compared with placebo and sulfonylureas.

Aberrant expression of PROS1 correlates with human papillary thyroid cancer progression.

Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer (TC). Considering the important association between cellular immunity and PTC progression, it is worth exploring the biological significance of immune-related signaling in PTC.

Methods: Several bioinformatics tools, such as R software, WEB-based Gene SeT AnaLysis Toolkit (WebGestalt), Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID), Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) and Cytoscape were used to identify the immune-related hub genes in PTC.

Alpha-mangostin improves endothelial dysfunction in db/db mice through inhibition of aSMase/ceramide pathway.

Diabetic vascular complications are the leading causes of death and disability in patients with diabetes. Alpha-mangostin has been reported to have anti-diabetic capacity in recent years. Here, we investigated the protective function of alpha-mangostin on endothelium in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Efficacy and safety of PEGylated exenatide injection (PB-119) in treatment-naive type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a Phase II randomised, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study.

Aims/hypothesis: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) such as exenatide are used as monotherapy and add-on therapy for maintaining glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The current study investigated the safety and efficacy of once-weekly PB-119, a PEGylated exenatide injection, in treatment-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: In this Phase II, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we randomly assigned treatment-naive Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to receive subcutaneous placebo or one of three subcutaneous doses of PB-119 (75, 150, and 200 μg) for 12 weeks.

Influence of Fasting Glucose Levels on Achieving Glycemic Target in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: a Post Hoc Analysis.

Introduction: FPG GOAL was a 24-week, open-label, treat-to-target randomized controlled trial which demonstrated that the optimal self-monitored fasting blood glucose (SM-FBG) target for most Chinese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) using insulin glargine 100 IU/mL was 3.9-6.1 mmol/L.

Inhibiting Ceramide Synthesis Attenuates Hepatic Steatosis and Fibrosis in Rats With Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic disorder diseases, which include a histological spectrum of conditions ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Dysregulated metabolism of sphingomyelin in the liver plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Ceramides are central molecules of sphingolipid biosynthesis and catabolism and play an important role in insulin resistance, apoptosis, and inflammation.

Effects of thyroid diseases on pregnancy outcomes.

The current study aimed to analyze the effects of thyroid diseases on pregnancy outcomes and investigate the effects of levothyroxine (L-T4) tablets in the treatment of hypothyroidism. The current study determined the prevalence of thyroid diseases using two diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of thyroid diseases among pregnant women recruited in 2010 and 2014 were initially determined by the 2011 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum (2011 ATA Guidelines). Subjects were categorized into six groups: Normal, hypothyroxinemia, hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), hyperthyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism.

Krüppel-like factor 3 inhibition by mutated lncRNA results in human high bone mass syndrome.

High bone mass (HBM) is usually caused by gene mutations, and its mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we identified a novel mutation in the long noncoding RNA that is associated with HBM. Subsequent analysis in 1,465 Chinese subjects revealed that heterozygous individuals had higher bone density compared with subjects with WT Mutant increased the formation of the CD31Emcn endothelium in the bone marrow, which stimulated angiogenesis during osteogenesis.

Inhibition of acid sphingomyelinase activity ameliorates endothelial dysfunction in mice.

Acid sphingomyelinase (aSMase) plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction. Here, we show that elevated aSMase activity and ceramide content were reduced by desipramine treatment in diabetic animals. The inhibitor of aSMase, desipramine, improved vascular dysfunction in db/db mice.

Dorzagliatin monotherapy in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes: a dose-ranging, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2 study.

Background: Glucokinase acts as a glucose sensor in the pancreas and a glucose processor in the liver, and has a central role in glucose homoeostasis. Dorzagliatin is a new, dual-acting, allosteric glucokinase activator that targets both pancreatic and hepatic glucokinases. Dorzagliatin has good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in humans, and provides effective 24-h glycaemic control and improves glucose sensitivity in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Alpha-mangostin attenuates diabetic nephropathy in association with suppression of acid sphingomyelianse and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Aims: Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of diabetes, but there are currently few treatment options. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the effect of alpha-mangostin on diabetic nephropathy and possible related mechanisms.

Methods: Goto-Kakizaki rats were used as a diabetic model and received alpha-mangostin or desipramine treatment with normal saline as a control.

α-Mangostin protects against high-glucose induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

Diabetic vascular complications result from high-glucose induced vascular endothelial cell dysfunction. There is an emerging need for novel drugs with vascular endothelial cell protective effects for the treatment of diabetic vascular complications. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of α-mangostin against high-glucose induced apoptosis of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

[Subclinical hypothyroidism and endocrine metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome].

To explore associations of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with endocrine metabolic characteristics in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
 Methods: A total of 321 women who were newly diagnosed as PCOS were recruited from two endocrine outpatient clinics. The diagnosis of PCOS was established according to the 2003 Rotterdam consensus criteria.

MiR-497∼195 cluster regulates angiogenesis during coupling with osteogenesis by maintaining endothelial Notch and HIF-1α activity.

A specific bone vessel subtype, strongly positive for CD31 and endomucin (CD31Emcn), is identified as coupling angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The abundance of type CD31Emcn vessels decrease during ageing. Here we show that expression of the miR-497∼195 cluster is high in CD31Emcn endothelium but gradually decreases during ageing.

Using hESCs to Probe the Interaction of the Diabetes-Associated Genes CDKAL1 and MT1E.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified many disease-associated variant alleles, but understanding whether and how different genes/loci interact requires a platform for probing how the variant alleles act mechanistically. Isogenic mutant human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide an unlimited resource to derive and study human disease-relevant cells. Here, we focused on CDKAL1, linked by GWASs to diabetes.

Effects of acetyl-L-carnitine and methylcobalamin for diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial.

Aims/introduction: To assess the efficacy and safety of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) on diabetic peripheral neuropathy compared with methylcobalamin (MC).

Materials And Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled, non-inferior phase II clinical trial. Diabetic patients with abnormal nerve conduction test results were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive oral ALC 500 mg t.

[Efficacy and safety of alogliptin in treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III clinical trial in mainland China].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alogliptin in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III trial. A total of 491 subjects with T2DM were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive alogliptin (25 mg once daily) or placebo for 16 weeks.

[The predictive factors of good glycaemic control in Chinese patients receiving biphasic insulin as part 30: a subgroup analyses from the A1 chieve study].

Objective: To identify the baseline factors associated with achievement of glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) < 7.0% in Chinese patients receiving biphasic insulin as part 30 (BIAsp 30), who were previously inadequately controlled with oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs).

Methods: A1 chieve was a multinational, prospective, open-label, 24-week non-interventional study in patients with type 2 diabetes initiating insulin analogues in 28 countries.