Metastasic Prostate Cancer: Predictive Factors of Earlier Progression to Castration-Resistance.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) can progress to the lethal phenotype of metastatic castration resistance (mCRPC), either from initially localized disease or metastatic cancer. New drugs improving overall survival are now the cornerstone of treatment. Nevertheless, there are no defined sequences or established timing to initiate or discontinue treatments; besides, not all patients end in CRPC or reach this stage at the same time.

Enzalutamide as monotherapy for advanced prostate cancer: why not?

Objectives: Prostate cancer (PCa) is an androgen-dependent disease. In some cases, the tumor progresses despite castration levels of serum testosterone, turning into the lethal phenotype of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), still driven by androgens and requiring the androgen receptor as a driver and responsible for progression. Enzalutamide, an androgen receptor inhibitor, is indicated for the treatment of metastatic CRPC, asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic, after failure of androgen deprivation.

Dual-modal magnetic resonance/fluorescent zinc probes for pancreatic β-cell mass imaging.

Despite the contribution of changes in pancreatic β-cell mass to the development of all forms of diabetes mellitus, few robust approaches currently exist to monitor these changes prospectively in vivo. Although magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) provides a potentially useful technique, targeting MRI-active probes to the β cell has proved challenging. Zinc ions are highly concentrated in the secretory granule, but they are relatively less abundant in the exocrine pancreas and in other tissues.

Lanthanide(III) complexes of rhodamine-DO3A conjugates as agents for dual-modal imaging.

Two novel dual-modal MRI/optical probes based on a rhodamine-DO3A conjugate have been prepared. The bis(aqua)gadolinium(III) complex Gd.L1 and mono(aqua)gadolinium(III) complex Gd.

Conservative surgery in synchronic bilateral renal carcinoma.

Objective: To describe a case of staged conservative treatment of a synchronic bilateral renal tumor, a real surgical challenge.

Methods: 46-year old obese female who consulted for fever; bilateral solid masses > 70 mm were detected and surgical treatment was offered.

Results: Staged conservative treatment consisting in selective embolization of both lesions and subsequent surgery was performed.

Outcome of radical prostatectomy in patients meeting criteria for active surveillance.

Objectives: Advances in diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa)have led to an increased detection of these tumors, some of them with low-risk of progression, with the consequent risk of overdiagnosis and overt treatment. In consequence, there is a tendency to offer alternatives to active therapy, like active surveillance (AS)however, some patients under AS need definitive therapy and after surgery it becomes evident that they are not "low-risk" patients. We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients who met criteria for low-risk tumors treated with radical prostatectomy.

Salmonella enterica strains belonging to O serogroup 1,3,19 induce chlorosis and wilting of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves.

The number of outbreaks and illness linked to the consumption of contaminated salad leaves have increased dramatically in the last decade. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica are the most common food-borne pathogens linked to consumption of fresh produce. Different serovars of S.

Prostate cancer as incidental finding in transurethral resection.

Unlabelled: Prostate adenocarcinoma is found in surgical samples without prior diagnosis in 4 to 15% of the patients. In some of them, there is previous suspicion but in others this finding is completely incidental. We present 7 cases of prostate cancer detected in 100 patients who underwent bipolar transurethral resection (TUR) of the prostate due to regular indications.

The host-infecting fungal transcriptome.

The capture of pathogen gene expression signatures directly from the host niche promises to fuel our understanding of the highly complex nature of microbial virulence. However, obtaining and interpreting biological information from infected tissues presents multiple experimental and intellectual challenges, from difficulties in extracting pathogen RNA and appropriate choice of experimental design, to interpretation of the resulting infection transcriptome, itself a product of responses to multiple host-derived cues. The recent publication of several host-infecting fungal transcriptomes offers new opportunities to study the commonalities of animal and plant pathogeneses, which in turn might direct the rational design of new and broader spectrum antifungal agents.

[Emphysematous pyelonephritis. Case report].

Objective: To describe an unusual case of emphysematous pyelonephritis, a disease with high morbidity and mortality.

Methods: We present the case of a 62-year old diabetic female with history of kidney stones, who consulted for fever, left lower-back pain and impairment of the general condition. Abdominopelvic computed tomography revealed a perinephric collection of air reaching the abdominal wall.

[Intestinal duplication. Report of 2 cases].

Intestinal duplications are rare and they result from embryological failures in the canalization of the gastrointestinal tract. This paper presents a case of ileal intestinal duplication and its differential diagnosis from Meckel's diverticulum. Besides, a case of rectal duplication in an asymptomatic elder patient is presented.