Bakuchiol from and its efficacy on apoptosis and autophagy in HepG2 cells.

Bakuchiol (), a component of , has been reported to have estrogenic, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Nonetheless, its anticancer mechanisms and effectiveness against hepatocellular carcinoma remain unexplored. This study sought to elucidate the mechanism of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest caused by bakuchiol () and three flavonoids (-) with similar structures to compound in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Two Different Clar's Sextets: Clar's Rule Does Not Necessarily Contradict the Global Pathway of Conjugated Macrocycles.

Two contradictory theories, Clar's sextet and resonance theory, explain the stability of conjugated macrocycles using localized and delocalized models, respectively. To reconcile these theories and gain better insights, PAH-containing porphyrinoids were chosen as a representative class of conjugated macrocycles. Two types of Clar's sextets were identified and proposed for the first time based on their interaction with global conjugated pathways: (i) shared sextets that integrate with and perturb the global resonance pathway, and (ii) independent sextets that are separate from the pathway and potentially stabilize or do not perturb it.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Mitral Valve Repair: Virtual Chordal Transposition to Restore Anterior Leaflet Prolapse.

Background: Surgical management of an anterior leaflet prolapse remains comparatively challenging and has led to the lack of any firmly established standard repair techniques, as seen in cases of posterior leaflet prolapse. Chordal transposition repair is widely acknowledged as a remarkably durable technique that utilizes the patient's native chordae. This study aims to evaluate and predict the biomechanical and functional characteristics of a normal mitral valve (MV) model and a pathological MV model featuring anterior ruptured mitral chordae tendineae (RMCT), and to assess the effectiveness of the chordal transposition repair in the pathological MV model.

Effects of Electron-Withdrawing and Electron-Donating Groups on Aromaticity in Cyclic Conjugated Polyenes.

Determining the aromaticity of various fluorinated benzenes is challenging as easily obtained experimental aromaticity [Δδ( - )] necessitates the chemical shifts of inner and outer protons. This issue was addressed in porphyrinoids by replacing the electron-withdrawing (E.W.

Synthesis of Dioxa-1,7-naphthicorrole and Its Oxidized Porphyrinoid as a Potential Built-In Linker for Biomolecules.

The first aromatic benzicorrole termed naphthicorrole was synthesized with a carbon donor containing more than six members. Its oxidized (enedione-embedded) porphyrinoid was also obtained using different meso-aryl substitutions under sequential oxidation conditions. The resulting enedione motif of the nonaromatic porphyrinoid was regioselective to the C2 position for S or N nucleophiles.

-(2-Thienyl)vinylarene as an Alternative Synthetic Motif for Porphyrinoids: -Arene-Connected Porphyrinoids.

-Arene-connected porphyrinoids were synthesized with -(2-thienyl)vinylarene motif as a new building block for porphyrinoids. This motif can replace meso-aryl-substituted dipyrromethene and serve as a command key arranging -connectivity of porphyrinoid. While (benzene version) is very weak, (pyridine version) shows a substantial amount of diatropic ring current due to reduced steric hindrance (without H23) and rigidified became more aromatic than .

Network pharmacology and molecular docking approaches to elucidate the potential compounds and targets of Saeng-Ji-Hwang-Ko for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Saeng-Ji-Hwang-Ko (SJHK) is a traditional Korean medicine formula derived from Donguibogam, a classic medical textbook, published in 1613. It is described as a general treatment for So-gal (wasting-thirst, ) known as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a modern clinical term. It is necessary to elucidate the potential compounds and targets of SJHK for T2DM treatment by conducting network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses.

A Comparative Study of the Hepatoprotective Effect of Extract (CA-HE50) on Lipopolysaccharide/d-galactosamine-Induced Acute Liver Injury in C57BL/6 Mice.

Acute liver failure (ALF) refers to the sudden loss of liver function and is accompanied by several complications. In a previous study, we revealed the protective effect of 50% ethanol extract (CA-HE50) on acetaminophen-induced liver injury. In the present study, we investigate the hepatoprotective effect of CA-HE50 in a lipopolysaccharide/galactosamine (LPS-D-Gal)-induced ALF animal model and compare it to existing therapeutic silymarin, mycelia (LEM) extracts, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate (DDB).

Potent antiviral activity of Agrimonia pilosa, Galla rhois, and their components against SARS-CoV-2.

Agrimonia pilosa (AP), Galla rhois (RG), and their mixture (APRG64) strongly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with multiple steps of the viral life cycle including viral entry and replication. Furthermore, among 12 components identified in APRG64, three displayed strong antiviral activity, ursolic acid (1), quercetin (7), and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (12). Molecular docking analysis showed these components to bind potently to the spike receptor-binding-domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 and its variant B.

Carbaporphyrin Dimers That Bear a Rigid Naphthalene Motif as an Internal Strap.

The first fully connected aromatic carbaporphyrin dimer () and its bis-Pd complex () that bear a rigid naphthalene motif as an internal strap were synthesized. These dimers consisted of two aromatic carbaporphyrins that shared a naphthalene motif. The π-electron conjugation of the obtained macrocycles was proposed to have two separated local 22 π-electron pathways and a 34 π-electron pathway.

Tuned Cd Selectivity: Showcase of Electronic and Regio-Effect of π-Extended Di-2-Picolylamine-Substituted Quinoline-Based Tolans.

π-Extended di-2-picolylamine (DPA)-substituted 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) tolans () were synthesized for testing electronic and regio-effects. The electron-poor CN-tolan () showed clear selectivity for Cd (>>Zn) over other metal ions via turn-on fluorescence, while the electron-rich MeO-tolan () displayed no clear metal selectivity. Furthermore, considering that there was no significant energy difference between the Cd complexes of and , the intended regio-effect (7- vs.

Systematic Modifications of a Simple Tolan: Another Category of Viscosity Sensor.

The first tolan derivative-based viscosity sensor () has been synthesized, and its fluorescence intensity and lifetime increase when the viscosity of the solvent increases in methanol-glycerol mixtures. Phthalide () was selected among structurally diverse tolan derivatives through systematic modifications of a simple tolan. To test as a viscosity sensor, fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) images of HeLa cells were obtained upon treatment with 5 μM of to map the viscosity of the HeLa cells.

Bond Rotation in an Aromatic Carbaporphyrin: Allyliporphyrin.

Allyliporphyrin is a carbaporphyrin that has replaced one pyrrole with an allyl group. Dynamic behavior (bond rotation) was observed by variable temperature H NMR and 2D-NOESY NMR spectroscopy and theoretically examined by DFT calculations. These studies revealed that well-defined bond rotation was first observed in the limited space of the carbaporphyrin from 2 through cis-2 and the calculated rotational barrier was low enough, with the relative energy level of cis-2 only 0.

Fluorescent and cooperative ion pair receptor based on tolan for Na (or Li) and HSO: logic AND gate.

A tolan derivative was synthesized as a fluorescent and cooperative ion pair receptor. As both Na and HSO ions were complexed to the receptor, only substantial fluorescence was quenched. Thus, it also acts as a logic AND gate.