Engineering mtDNA deletions by reconstituting end joining in human mitochondria.

Recent breakthroughs in the genetic manipulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have enabled precise base substitutions and the efficient elimination of genomes carrying pathogenic mutations. However, reconstituting mtDNA deletions linked to mitochondrial myopathies remains challenging. Here, we engineered mtDNA deletions in human cells by co-expressing end-joining (EJ) machinery and targeted endonucleases.

SLC5A3 depletion promotes apoptosis by inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive cancer with poor prognosis, largely due to the rapid development of chemoresistance in patients. Mitochondrial dynamics play a crucial role in cancer cell survival. Currently, the specific mechanisms underlying gemcitabine resistance in PDAC remain unknown.

Development and validation of a multi-stage self-supervised learning model for optical coherence tomography image classification.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a novel multi-stage self-supervised learning model tailored for the accurate classification of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in ophthalmology reducing reliance on costly labeled datasets while maintaining high diagnostic accuracy.

Materials And Methods: A private dataset of 2719 OCT images from 493 patients was employed, along with 3 public datasets comprising 84 484 images from 4686 patients, 3231 images from 45 patients, and 572 images. Extensive internal, external, and clinical validation were performed to assess model performance.

Information Extraction from Clinical Texts with Generative Pre-trained Transformer Models.

Processing and analyzing clinical texts are challenging due to its unstructured nature. This study compared the performance of GPT (Generative Pre-trained Transformer)-3.5 and GPT-4 for extracting information from clinical text.

Social contact patterns in South Korea: an analysis of a survey conducted in 2023-2024.

Background: Understanding social contact patterns is fundamental to the study of infectious disease transmission. However, in South Korea, detailed social contact data have not been publicly available. While global research on social contact patterns has expanded, there remains a critical need for more context-specific data in South Korea.

Therapeutic effect of long-interval repeated subcutaneous administration of canine amniotic membrane-derived mesenchymal stem cells in atopic dermatitis mouse model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and inflammatory disease. According to a recent study, administration of canine MSCs is a potential therapy for immunological diseases. However, most related studies involve short-term experiments and acute atopic dermatitis animal models.

Comprehensive profiling of genetic and non-genetic factors that influence skin traits in Asian women from four countries.

Brightness, pore size, wrinkle, color, elasticity, moisture, transepidermal water loss, pH, and sebum represent skin traits that directly affect skin health and aesthetics, which vary substantially among ethnic groups and individuals. Although a complex combination of genetic and environmental factors influences these traits, accurate estimation of skin phenotypic determination in individuals of Asian countries remains to be determined. Here we established the Asian skin traits and genetics research (ASTAGR) cohort, comprised of 2,762 woman participants from four Asian countries (Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, and Indonesia).

Telesurgery and the importance of context.

Telesurgery has the potential to overcome geographical barriers in surgical care, encouraging its deployment in areas with sparse surgical expertise. Despite successful in-human experiments and substantial technological progress, the adoption of telesurgery remains slow. In this Review, we analyze the reasons for this slow adoption.

Fundamental modeling of microbial electrosynthesis system using porous electrodes for CO-to-acetate conversion.

Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is an emerging carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technology that converts CO into value-added chemicals using microbial catalysts powered by electrical energy. Advancing MES toward commercialization requires rigorous mathematical models for process optimization and scale-up. This study presents a fundamental model for an MES system designed to produce acetate from CO incorporating real-world experimental conditions.

Whole-cell redox biosensor for triclosan detection: Integrating spectrophotometric and electrochemical detection.

Organic pollutants like bisphenol, acetaminophen, and triclosan, widely used in healthcare products, pose environmental risks and act as endocrine disruptors. These pollutants can alter the intracellular redox balance, making engineered whole-cell redox biosensors valuable for their detection. This study utilized the SoxRS regulatory system in bacteria, which responds to oxidative stress through NADP/NADPH levels by modulating gene expression of SoxS through the SoxS promoter (pSoxS).

Effect of Process Parameters on Nano-Microparticle Formation During Supercritical Antisolvent Process Using Mixed Solvent: Application for Enhanced Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Telmisartan Through Particle-Size Control Based on Experimental Design.

This study investigates the impact of supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process parameters on the particle formation of telmisartan, a poorly water-soluble drug. A fractional factorial design was employed to examine the influence of the SAS process parameters, including solvent ratio, drug solution concentration, temperature, pressure, injection rate of drug solution, and CO₂ flow rate, on particle formation. Solid-state characterizations of the SAS process particles using XRD and FT-IR confirmed their amorphous nature.

Multiphase superconductivity in PdBi.

Unconventional superconductivity, where electron pairing does not involve electron-phonon interactions, is often attributed to magnetic correlations in a material. Well known examples include high-T cuprates and uranium-based heavy fermion superconductors. Less explored are unconventional superconductors with strong spin-orbit coupling, where interactions between spin-polarised electrons and external magnetic field can result in multiple superconducting phases and field-induced transitions between them, a rare phenomenon in the superconducting state.

Moderate- and High-Speed Treadmill Running Exercise Have Minimal Impact on Rat Achilles Tendon.

Exercise influences clinical Achilles tendon health in humans, but animal models of exercise-related Achilles tendon changes are lacking. Moreover, previous investigations of the effects of treadmill running exercise on rat Achilles tendon demonstrate variable outcomes. Our objective was to assess the functional, structural, cellular, and biomechanical impacts of treadmill running exercise on rat Achilles tendon with sensitive in and ex vivo approaches.

A Lucknolide Derivative Induces Mitochondrial ROS-Mediated G2/M Arrest and Apoptotic Cell Death in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells.

Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer with a high risk of cancer-related deaths, and inducing apoptosis in melanoma cells is a promising therapeutic strategy. This study investigates the anti-tumor potential of a novel lucknolide derivative LA-UC as a therapeutic candidate for melanoma. Lucknolide A (LA), a tricyclic ketal-lactone metabolite isolated from marine-derived sp.

AM-PAC 6-Clicks Basic Mobility and Daily Activities Scores Predict 90-Day Modified Rankin Score in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Secondary to Large Vessel Occlusion.

The relative level of functional impairment in stroke patients is a significant determinant of post-acute care. The Activity Measure for Post Acute Care 6-Clicks (AM-PAC) scores for basic mobility and daily activity are rapid standardized assessments whose utilities in predicting long-term stroke outcomes have not yet been studied. We performed a retrospective analysis of acute ischemic stroke patients and their outcomes.

The Downregulation of CRIF1 Exerts Antitumor Effects Partially via TP53-Induced Glycolysis and Apoptosis Regulator Induction in BT549 Breast Cancer Cells.

Background/objectives: Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) has been exploited as a therapeutic target in cancer treatments because of its crucial role in tumorigenesis. CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1), a mitochondrial ribosomal subunit protein, is essential for the regulation of mitochondrial OXPHOS capacity. However, the mechanism of CRIF1 in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells remains unclear.

Newcastle disease virus harboring the PTEN gene inhibits pancreatic cancer growth by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling and activating apoptosis.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly aggressive and intractable cancer that requires more effective therapies that can improve early detection, enhance treatment efficacy, and provide better patient outcomes. Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations and reduced phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) protein expression are key factors driving the proliferation and severity of PDAC. To address this, a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (rNDV) containing the PTEN gene (rNDV-PTEN) was created to investigate its PDAC cell-killing and tumor-suppression effects in PDAC cells transplanted into mice.

Melt Spinnability Comparison of Mechanically and Chemically Recycled Polyamide 6 for Plastic Waste Reuse.

With the increasing volume of synthetic fiber waste, interest in plastic reuse technologies has grown. To address this issue, physical and chemical recycling techniques for polyamide, a major component of textile waste, have been developed. This study investigates the remelting and reforming properties of four types of pristine and recycled polyamide 6, focusing on how the microstructural arrangement of recycled polyamides affects polymer fiber formation.

Effect of Citric Acid and Tromethamine on the Stability of Eyedrops Containing Lifitegrast.

Background/objectives: Lifitegrast is an effective treatment for dry eye disease, reducing inflammation and improving the ocular surface condition. Owing to its high sensitivity to oxidation and hydrolysis, formulation studies are required to maintain the physicochemical stability of lifitegrast. This study aimed to overcome the instability of lifitegrast by developing a more stable eyedrop formulation by using citric acid and tromethamine to prevent the degradation of lifitegrast.

Advancements in Binary Solvent-Assisted Hydrogel Composites for Wearable Sensing Applications.

The advancement of wearable sensing technologies has been pivotal in revolutionizing healthcare, environmental monitoring, and personal fitness. Among the diverse materials employed in these technologies, multifunctional hydrogel composites have emerged as critical components due to their unique properties, including high water content, flexibility, and biocompatibility. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in binary solvent-assisted hydrogel composites for wearable sensing applications.

Anticancer effect of the oncolytic Newcastle disease virus harboring the PTEN gene on glioblastoma.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal types of human brain cancer and is characterized by rapid growth, an aggressive nature and a poor prognosis. GBM is highly heterogeneous, and often involves several genetic mutations and abnormalities. Genetic disorders or low expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are associated with GBM occurrence, progression and poor prognosis of patients with GBM.

Advancements in Flexible and Stretchable Electronics for Resistive Hydrogen Sensing: A Comprehensive Review.

Flexible and stretchable electronics have emerged as a groundbreaking technology with wide-ranging applications, including wearable devices, medical implants, and environmental monitoring systems. Among their numerous applications, hydrogen sensing represents a critical area of research, particularly due to hydrogen's role as a clean energy carrier and its explosive nature at high concentrations. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in flexible and stretchable electronics tailored for resistive hydrogen sensing applications.