Susceptibility of emetic and enterotoxigenic grown at high temperature to disinfectants.

The prevalence of emetic strains in food products is rare; however, infection with these may be fatal to the vulnerable population. Bacterial control of the emetic strains is still unclear. This study aimed to assess the influence of high temperature on the disinfection of emetic and enterotoxigenic .

Changes in physicochemical properties and bacterial communities in aged Korean native cattle beef during cold storage.

During refrigerated storage, aged beef is liable to undergo alterations in its physicochemical properties. This study aimed to evaluate changes in the community of microorganisms, volatile compounds, and amino acids in aged beef under cold storage conditions. In addition, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) values were measured to determine the putrefaction degree.

Toxigenic Potential of Mesophilic and Psychrotolerant Isolates from Chilled Tofu.

The prevalence, toxin gene profile, antibiogram, and biofilm formation to determine the virulence potential of mesophilic and psychrotolerant () isolated from chilled tofu were investigated. Among 58 isolates, 21 isolates were capable of growth at 7 °C, and these isolates shared a potential hazard for food poisoning with mesophilic isolates. harboring enterotoxin genes was more frequently found in psychrotolerant isolates than in mesophilic isolates.

Evaluation of various clean-up sorbents in kale followed by LC-MS/MS analysis of pesticides.

Unlabelled: Chlorophyll-rich samples, such as kale, interfere with the analysis of residual pesticides and adversely affect the integrity of tandem mass spectrometers. Dispersed solid-phase (d-SPE) extraction using graphitized carbon black effectively removes pigments from kale extracts; however, it also reduces the recoveries of 30 pesticides. To overcome this, alternative sorbents, including ENVI-Carb, ChloroFiltr, and Z-Sep+, were evaluated in this study.

Antimicrobial Effect of Acetic Acid, Sodium Hypochlorite, and Thermal Treatments against Psychrotolerant Group Isolated from Lettuce ( L.).

Various food products distributed throughout the cold chain can present a health risk for consumers due to the presence of psychrotolerant group species that possess enterotoxin genes and antibiotic resistance. As these bacteria can grow at the low temperatures used in the food industry, this study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of acetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and thermal treatments for inhibition of psychrotolerant strains and the effect that differences in activation temperature (30 °C and 10 °C) have on their efficacy. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and bacterial growth assay of acetic acid and thermal treatment showed an equal or higher antimicrobial efficacy in isolates activated at 10 °C than in those activated at 30 °C.

Morphological Features and Cold-Response Gene Expression in Mesophilic Group and Psychrotolerant Group under Low Temperature.

At low temperatures, psychrotolerant group strains exhibit a higher growth rate than mesophilic strains do. However, the different survival responses of the psychrotolerant strain (BCG) and the mesophilic strain (BCG) at low temperatures are unclear. We investigated the morphological and genomic features of BCG and BCG to characterize their growth strategies at low temperatures.

Strain variation in Bacillus cereus biofilms and their susceptibility to extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes.

Bacillus cereus is a foodborne pathogen and can form biofilms on food contact surfaces, which causes food hygiene problems. While it is necessary to understand strain-dependent variation to effectively control these biofilms, strain-to-strain variation in the structure of B. cereus biofilms is poorly understood.

Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Diversity of in Processed Pork Meat Products in Korea.

Because is an important nosocomial pathogen and sentinel organism for tracking antimicrobial resistance, information on the contamination and antimicrobial resistance patterns of in food are essential to public health and food safety. We analyzed the occurrence of in retail pork meat products ( = 124), and antimicrobial resistance of 30 isolates were examined against 14 antimicrobials using the broth dilution test and disc diffusion test. Rep-PCR-based molecular diversity was also analyzed using Deviersilab.

Enterotoxin Genes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Low-Temperature-Tolerant Isolated from Green Leaf Lettuce in the Cold Chain.

The prevalence and characteristics of low-temperature-tolerant (psychrotolerant ) in green leaf lettuce collected during cold chain were investigated. Among the 101 isolated samples, only 18 were capable of growth at 7 °C, and these isolates shared potential health hazard characteristics with mesophilic isolates. Most psychrotolerant isolates contained various combinations of , and Most isolates of psychrotolerant possessed at least two enterotoxin genes and 28% of isolates harbored tested nine enterotoxin genes.

The Bactericidal Effect of a Combination of Food-Grade Compounds and their Application as Alternative Antibacterial Agents for Food Contact Surfaces.

Chemical antibacterials are widely used to control microbial growth but have raised concerns about health risks. It is necessary to find alternative, non-toxic antibacterial agents for the inhibition of pathogens in foods or food contact surfaces. To develop a non-toxic and "green" food-grade alternative to chemical sanitizers, we formulated a multicomponent antibacterial mixture containing L.

Dispersive Solid-Liquid Extraction Coupled with LC-MS/MS for the Determination of Sulfonylurea Herbicides in Strawberries.

The monitoring of food quality and safety requires a suitable analytical method with simultaneous detection in order to control pesticide and herbicide residues. In this study, a novel analytical method, referred to as "dispersive solid-liquid extraction", was applied to monitor seven sulfonylurea herbicides in strawberries. This method was optimized in terms of the amount of C and the volume of added water, and it was validated through satisfactory linearities ( > 0.

Prevalence, Enterotoxin Genes, and Antibiotic Resistance of Bacillus cereus Isolated from Raw Vegetables in Korea.

Bacillus cereus has long been recognized as an important pathogen in foodborne poisoning worldwide. Fresh vegetables are often contaminated with enterotoxigenic B. cereus and have been implicated as a vehicle for the transmission of this bacterium.

Influence of water-soluble extracts of long-term fermented on bone metabolism bioactivity and breast cancer suppression.

Anti-cancer effects of extracts are usually studied based on methanol extraction focusing on isoflavones, the principal extracted components. In this syudy, effects of water-soluble extracts of long-term fermented containing water-soluble low Mw peptides produced by microorganisms were studied. extracts had effects which arrested the cell cycle, inhibited proliferation, and caused consequential apoptosis in breast cancer cells.

Occurrence of Toxigenic Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis in Doenjang, a Korean Fermented Soybean Paste.

This study determined the prevalence and toxin profile of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis in doenjang, a fermented soybean food, made using both traditional and commercial methods. The 51 doenjang samples tested were broadly contaminated with B. cereus; in contrast, only one sample was positive for B.

In-house-validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for survey of acrylamide in various processed foods from Korean market.

Acrylamide (AA) is a chemical found in starchy foods that have been cooked at high temperatures. The objective of this study is to monitor the levels of AA in a total of 274 samples of potato chips, chips (except potato chips), biscuits, French fries, breakfast cereals, chocolate products, tea, seasoned laver, and nut products sampled in Korean market. These processed foods include (1) potato chips, (2) chips (except potato chips), (3) biscuits, (4) French fries, (5) breakfast cereals, (6) chocolate products, (7) tea, (8) seasoned laver, and (9) nut products.

Design of a highly potent inhibitory peptide acting as a competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase.

This study presents a design of a highly potent and competitive inhibitory peptide for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR). HMGR is the major regulatory enzyme of cholesterol biosynthesis and the target enzyme of many investigations aimed at lowering the rate of cholesterol biosynthesis. In previous studies, the two hypocholesterolemic peptides (LPYP and IAVPGEVA) were isolated and identified from soy protein.

Genetic diversity, antimicrobial resistance, and toxigenic profiles of Bacillus cereus strains isolated from Sunsik.

Bacillus cereus can cause emetic and diarrheal types of food poisoning, but little study has been done on the toxins and toxin-encoding genes of B. cereus strains isolated from Sunsik, a Korean ready-to-eat food prepared from grains, fruits, and vegetables. In this study, 39 unique B.

Peptide fragmentation as an approach in modeling of an active peptide and designing a competitive inhibitory peptide for HMG-CoA reductase.

This study presents a simple method to design an active peptide based on a description of the structural preferences of peptide via its peptide fragments. In a previous design, while searching for lead peptide candidates, the efficacy of a design approach that was based on the use of a cyclic peptide as a model of linear analog was demonstrated. Analysis of the conformational behavior of the peptide models showed that an analogical approach could be applied in order to assess the conformational space that was occupied by a peptide by using peptide fragments.

Modeling an active conformation for linear peptides and design of a competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase.

This study presents an approach that can be used to search for lead peptide candidates, including unconstrained structures in a recognized sequence. This approach was performed using the design of a competitive inhibitor for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMGR). In a previous design for constrained peptides, a head-to-tail cyclic structure of peptide was used as a model of linear analog in searches for lead peptides with a structure close to an active conformation.

Binding effect and design of a competitive inhibitory peptide for HMG-CoA reductase through modeling of an active peptide backbone.

This study presents an application of two approaches in the design of constrained and unconstrained peptides in an investigation of the peptide binding effect for HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR). In previous works, hypocholesterolemic peptides isolated from soybean were determined as competitive inhibitory peptides for HMGR. Based on the modeling of an active peptide backbone in the active site of HMGR, two peptide libraries for constrained and unconstrained peptides were designed using different amino acids varying in hydrophobicity and electronic properties.

Occurrence of toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus in ready-to-eat food in Korea.

Toxigenic Staphylococcus aureus contamination in ready-to-eat (RTE) food is a leading cause of foodborne illness in Korea. To monitor food contamination by S. aureus, a total of 3332 RTE food samples were selected from nationwide wholesale marts between 2003 and 2004 and examined.

Recognized sequence and conformation in design of linear peptides as a competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase.

This study is an attempt to develop a simple search method for lead peptide candidates, which include constrained structures in a recognized sequence, using the design of a competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR). A structure-functional analysis of previously synthesized peptides proposes that a competitive inhibitory peptide can be designed by maintaining bioactive conformation in a recognized sequence. A conformational aspect of the structure-based approach was applied to the peptide design.

Peptide design of a competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA reductase based on statin structure.

This study investigates a proposed design of a peptide sequence that is based on a bioactive conformation of statins that act as the competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA for HMGR. To bridge these heterogeneous organic compounds, a conformational aspect relating to an analysis of the flexibility of the peptide molecules and their occupied volumes was applied to the peptide design. The design criterion was formulated in terms of a proximity parameter (Pr), reflecting the probability of an active peptide conformation to approximate the statin.