Chinese Clinical Named Entity Recognition With Segmentation Synonym Sentence Synthesis Mechanism: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Clinical named entity recognition (CNER) is a fundamental task in natural language processing used to extract named entities from electronic medical record texts. In recent years, with the continuous development of machine learning, deep learning models have replaced traditional machine learning and template-based methods, becoming widely applied in the CNER field. However, due to the complexity of clinical texts, the diversity and large quantity of named entity types, and the unclear boundaries between different entities, existing advanced methods rely to some extent on annotated databases and the scale of embedded dictionaries.

Magnetic nanoparticles with hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity for solid-phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water samples.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) featured with divinylbenzene (DVB) and sulfonate functionalities (Fe3O4-DVB-SO3(-)) were prepared via "thiol-ene" click chemistry. The hydrophobic DVB moieties were dedicated for extraction while the hydrophilic sulfonate groups were designed for dispersing the MNPs in aqueous sample solution. Thus, the specially designed material could ensure operational convenience and improve reproducibility during extraction.

Magnetic solid-phase extraction based on methylcellulose coated-Fe3O4-SiO2-phenyl for HPLC-DAD analysis of sildenafil and its metabolite in biological samples.

In the present study, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with phenyl functionalized core and a hydrophilic methylcellulose coating were synthesized. The functionalized MNPs showed excellent dispersibility in aqueous solution and they were applied to magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of sildenafil and its metabolite, desmethyl sildenafil, from human urine and plasma samples followed by high performance liquid chromatographic analysis. The factors that may influence the extraction, including the amount of MNPs, pH and salt concentration of sample solution, extraction and desorption time, and the volume of desorption solvent, were investigated in detail.

Determination of sildenafil, vardenafil and aildenafil in human plasma by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction-back extraction based on ionic liquid and high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection.

A novel method which involved dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME)-back extraction based on ionic liquid (IL) was developed for the determination of three phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) inhibitors, sildenafil (SD), vardenafil (VD) and aildenafil (AD), in human plasma. DLLME based on IL as the extractant solvent and methanol as the dispersive solvent was the first step to extract PDE-5 inhibitors from sample solution; the other step of back extraction was followed by transferring target analytes from the IL to acidified aqueous solution. This two-step extraction ensured the compatibility of the final extractant phase, acidified aqueous solution herein, with the reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography-UV detection, and afforded clean extractant phase.

C12-Ag wire as solid-phase microextraction fiber for determination of benzophenone ultraviolet filters in river water.

In the present study, a novel approach for fabrication of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber based on silver wire was proposed. 3-(Mercaptopropyl) trimethoxysilane (MPTS) was self-assembled on the silver wire by the special interaction between Ag and S, producing MPTS-Ag wire. The MPTS-Ag wire was then functionalized with dodecyltrimethoxysilane via sol-gel approach, giving C12-Ag wire.