Pitfall in assessing the size of tumor phantoms on mammograms.

Background: Tumor size is crucial for clinical management and prognosis of breast malignancies.

Materials And Methods: The gold standard-size of 12 tumor phantoms was assessed at The Department of Production Engineering. Subsequently, with a conventional ruler, seven experienced mammographers measured the largest diameter of the 12 devices in two independent trials.

Effect of intravenous adrenaline before arrival at the hospital in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

There is some evidence in prospective randomized clinical trials that the administration of adrenaline (AD) before admission for the treatment of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest did not improve survival to hospital discharge. The aim of this study was to evaluate our real-world experience regarding the efficacy of intravenous AD in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest at our university hospital. In this retrospective study, we enrolled and divided 644 patients into AD (AD administration before arrival at the hospital) and non-AD (no AD administration before arrival at the hospital) groups.

Pancreatic cancer screening employing noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging combined with ultrasonography.

Purpose: We have conducted an initial evaluation on the potential of combining noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasonography (US) to screen for pancreatic cancer.

Materials And Methods: An independent ethics committee approved this study. A total of 2511 patients who underwent US were enrolled.

Quantitative analysis of the effect of supersaturation on in vivo drug absorption.

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of intestinal drug supersaturation on solubility-limited nonlinear absorption. Oral absorption of a novel farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI-2600) from its crystalline free base and its HCl salt was determined in dogs. To clarify the contribution of supersaturation on improving drug absorption, in vivo intraluminal concentration of FTI-2600 after oral administration was estimated from the pharmacokinetics data using a physiologically based model.

Beam-hardening artifacts on computed tomography images caused by lanthanum carbonate hydrate in a patient on dialysis.

Lanthanum carbonate hydrate is a nonaluminum, noncalcium phosphate binder containing lanthanum (La). It is effective in decreasing the serum phosphate level in patients on dialysis. Because the atomic number of the La contained in lanthanum carbonate hydrate is relatively high, at 57, this agent may cause strong artifacts on computed tomography (CT) images, which may be mistakenly interpreted as foreign bodies.

Characteristics of type IV collagen unfolding under various pH conditions as a model of pathological disorder in tissue.

The overall structure of type IV collagen is the same at neutral and acidic pH, as determined by circular dichroism spectra. The heating rate dependence of denaturation midpoint temperature (T(m)) shows that type IV collagen is unstable at body temperature, similarly to type I collagen. The heating rate dependence of T(m) at neutral pH has two phases, but that at acidic pH apparently has a single phase.

Oral absorption of poorly water-soluble drugs: computer simulation of fraction absorbed in humans from a miniscale dissolution test.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a new system for computer simulation to predict fraction absorbed (F(a)) of Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II (low solubility-high permeability) drugs after oral administration to humans, from a miniscale dissolution test.

Methods: Human oral absorption of 12 lipophilic drugs was simulated theoretically by using the dissolution and permeation parameters of the drugs. A miniscale dissolution test and a solubility study were carried out in a conventional buffer and a biorelevant medium (pH 6.

Prediction of oral drug absorption in humans by theoretical passive absorption model.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the oral drug absorption predictability of the theoretical passive absorption model (TPAM). As chemical descriptors of drugs, the octanol/buffer distribution coefficient at pH 6.0 (D(ow)), intrinsic octanol-water partition coefficient (P(ow)), pK(a), and molecular weight (MW) were calculated from the chemical structure.

Interaction between iopamidol and gadopentetate dimeglumine: an in-vitro experimental study of direct mixing.

Objective: To determine whether or not there is any interaction between iopamidol and gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA) in test tubes using the direct mixing manner.

Materials And Methods: The test solution was prepared by mixing iopamidol (Iopamiron 300) and Gd-DTPA (Magnevist) at a ratio of 1:1. The color, viscosity, and pH of the mixed solutions were assessed immediately after mixing and 1,3,6, and 24 hours after mixing.

Biopharmaceutics classification by high throughput solubility assay and PAMPA.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the relevancy of the high throughput solubility assay and permeability assay to the biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS). Solubility and permeability were measured by high throughput solubility assay (HTSA) and parallel artificial membrane permeation assay (PAMPA), respectively. High throughput solubility assay was performed using simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.

Permeation characteristics of a hydrophilic basic compound across a bio-mimetic artificial membrane.

In the present study, the permeation characteristics of a hydrophilic basic compound (HBC) in a bio-mimetic parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (bio-mimetic PAMPA) were investigated in detail. The bio-mimetic PAMPA membrane was constructed on a hydrophobic filter by impregnating a lipid solution consisting of phosphatidylcholine (0.8%, w/w), phosphatidylethanolamine (0.

Microscopic molecular mobility of amorphous AG-041R measured by solid-state 13C NMR.

Purpose: AG-041R is characterized to be stable in amorphous state and difficult to crystallize at normal period of time. In order to investigate the molecular mobility in microscopically, the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of AG-041R was investigated by solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR at temperature below and above glass transition temperature (Tg).

Method: CP/MAS measurement and T1 measurement were performed by means of 13C NMR, where the measurement temperatures were 60, 70, 80, 100, and 110 degrees C.

A novel method for the synthesis of 4'-thiopyrimidine nucleosides using hypervalent iodine compounds.

The coupling reactions of cyclic sulfides with a silylated pyrimidine nucleobase using a hypervalent iodine reagent were investigated. The reaction of silylated uracil with cyclic sulfide 12 using PhI=O gave the desired beta-anomer 14 in moderate yield. 4'-Thiouridine (22) was obtained by deprotection of 14.

Prediction of human intestinal permeability using artificial membrane permeability.

The purpose of the present study was to examine a correlation between the human intestinal permeability (P(eff)) and the bio-mimetic artificial membrane permeability corrected by the paracellular pathway model based on the Renkin function (P(PAMPA-PP-RF)) and to construct a prediction scheme. The effect of the unstirred water layer was incorporated to the prediction scheme. Eighteen P(eff) values of passively absorbed drugs were employed for the analysis.

Prediction of passive intestinal absorption using bio-mimetic artificial membrane permeation assay and the paracellular pathway model.

The purpose of this study was to construct and examine the prediction model for total passive permeation through the intestinal membrane. The paracellular pathway prediction model based on Renkin function (PP-RF) was combined with a bio-mimetic artificial membrane permeation assay (BAMPA), which is an in vitro method to predict transcellular pathway permeation, to construct the prediction model (BAMPA-PP-RF model). The parameters of the BAMPA-PP-RF model, e.