New species of (Reptilia, Squamata, Liolaemini) of the clade from northwestern Patagonia, Neuquén province, Argentina.

Two new species of the Liolaemus donosobarrosi clade are described. Liolaemus tirantii sp. nov.

Conservation assessments in climate change scenarios: spatial perspectives for present and future in two (Squamata: Leiosauridae) lizards from Argentina.

The consequences of global climate change can already be seen in many physical and biological systems and these effects could change the distribution of suitable areas for a wide variety of organisms to the middle of this century. We analyzed the current habitat use and we projected the suitable area of present conditions into the geographical space of future scenarios (2050), to assess and quantify whether future climate change would affect the distribution and size of suitable environments in two Pristidactylus lizard species. Comparing the habitat use and future forecasts of the two studied species, P.

A new lizard species of the Phymaturus patagonicus group (Squamata: Liolaemini) from northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina.

The integrative taxonomy framework allows developing robust hypotheses of species limits based on the integration of results from different data sets and analytical methods. In this work, we test a candidate species hypothesis previously suggested based on molecular data, with geometric and traditional morphometrics analyses (multivariate and univariate). This new lizard species is part of the Phymaturus patagonicus group (payuniae clade) that is distributed in Neuquén and Mendoza provinces (Argentina).

Reptiles of Chubut province, Argentina: richness, diversity, conservation status and geographic distribution maps.

An accurate estimation of species and population geographic ranges is essential for species-focused studies and conservation and management plans. Knowledge of the geographic distributions of reptiles from Patagonian Argentina is in general limited and dispersed over manuscripts from a wide variety of topics. We completed an extensive review of reptile species of central Patagonia (Argentina) based on information from a wide variety of sources.

Integrative taxonomy in the Liolaemus fitzingerii complex (Squamata: Liolaemini) based on morphological analyses and niche modeling.

It has long been considered sufficient a single method or only a descriptive diagnosis to propose a new species. Recently, many works have proposed new theoretical paradigms to consider multiple sources of evidence to support the hypothesis of new taxa within an integrative approach. Despite this, many new described species continue to be merely descriptive and without any reproducible statistical analysis to support these descriptions.

A new lizard of the Phymaturus genus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from Sierra Grande, northeastern Patagonia, Argentina.

A new species of lizard of the saxicolous and viviparous genus Phymaturus from Patagonia is described. The new species is a member of the Phymaturus patagonicus species group distributed on volcanic plateaus, mountains or rocky outcrops of southern Argentina. Phymaturus yachanana sp.

Adult outcomes of three newborns with a combined weight of 1100 grams.

Objective: To present the short- and long-term (20 years) growth and developmental outcomes of four micropremies (birth weight of less than 500 grams).

Method: Retrospective review of medical records and prospective assessment/interview with patients and their families.

Results: One infant was lost at long-term follow-up.

Association between pulmonary hypoplasia and hypoplasia of arcuate nucleus in stillbirth.

Objective: To investigate lung development and to correlate pulmonary hypoplasia with hypoplasia of the arcuate nucleus in stillbirths.

Study Design: We examined 26 stillbirths which occurred after 25 complete gestational weeks. The brainstem and the lung were the particular focus of this study.

Whey predominant, whey modified infant formula with protein/energy ratio of 1.8 g/100 kcal: adequate and safe for term infants from birth to four months.

Background: Protein quality of breast milk is superior to that of formula proteins. To ensure that the protein intake is sufficient, starter formulas with conventional protein composition provide a protein/energy ratio of 2.2-2.

Dosage-related bifidogenic effects of galacto- and fructooligosaccharides in formula-fed term infants.

Background: Human milk oligosaccharides have been shown to stimulate selectively the growth of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli in the intestine. In this study, the bifidogenic effect of an experimental prebiotic oligosaccharide mixture consisting of low-molecular-weight galactooligosaccharides and high-molecular-weight fructooligosaccharides was analyzed in 90 term infants.

Methods: Two test formulas were supplemented with either 0.

Hypoplasia of medullary arcuate nucleus in unexpected late fetal death (stillborn infants): a pathologic study.

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency, morphology, and pathogenesis (primary or secondary) of the abnormally developed medullary arcuate nucleus (ARCn) in stillbirths.

Methods: We examined 26 stillbirths (24 antepartum, 2 intrapartum) that had a gestational age between 25 and 40 weeks and a normal karyotype. All of the stillborns were described as well-developed, with body length and weight proportional to their gestational age.

Protein intake and metabolism in formula-fed infants given Swedish or Italian weaning foods.

The aim of the study was to compare protein intake and metabolism between infants from two countries given similar infant formulae but different weaning foods. Healthy Swedish and Italian infants were studied between 3 and 12 mo. Infants in both populations were assigned to 1 of 3 infant formulae, containing 13, 15 or 18/20 g l(-1) of protein, given in addition to Swedish or Italian weaning foods.

Fat intake and metabolism in Swedish and Italian infants.

The purpose of the study was to compare fat intake and metabolism between two infant populations from Sweden and Italy given breast milk or similar infant formulas, but different weaning foods. Nutrient intake and fat metabolism were studied prospectively from 3-12 mo in 68 Swedish and 46 Italian healthy infants, breastfed or given similar infant formulas in combination with Swedish or Mediterranean weaning foods. Although nutrient intake and fat metabolism were similar at 6 mo, fat intake was lower at 12 mo in the Italian than in the Swedish formula group (p < 0.

Postprandial plasma amino acids in preterm infants: influence of the protein source.

Preprandial plasma amino acid concentrations have been used extensively as a marker of the nutritional value of dietary proteins in preterm infants. This study investigated the postprandial plasma amino acid profiles of preterm infants fed with different dietary proteins at similar protein intakes during the first weeks of life. In 12 preterm infants, pre- and postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations were measured before the removal of an indwelling central venous catheter placed for parenteral nutrition.

Individualized protein fortification of human milk for preterm infants: comparison of ultrafiltrated human milk protein and a bovine whey fortifier.

Background: To improve the nutritional management of pre-term infants, a new individualized human milk fortification system based on presupplementation milk protein analyses was evaluated.

Methods: In an open, prospective, randomized multicenter study, 32 healthy preterm infants (birth weights, 920-1750 g) were enrolled at a mean of 21 days of age (range, 9-36 days) when tolerating exclusive enteral feedings of 150 ml/kg per day. All infants were fed human milk and were randomly allocated to fortification with a bovine whey protein fortifier (n = 16) or ultrafiltrated human milk protein (n = 16).

The influence of dietary nucleotides on erythrocyte membrane fatty acids and plasma lipids in preterm infants.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate whether a regular formula for premature infants supplemented with nucleotides has any influence on plasma lipids and erythrocyte membrane fatty acids.

Methods: Preterm infants fed either human milk supplemented with human milk protein (HM, n = 14), nucleotide-supplemented preterm formula (NF, n = 13), or a regular preterm formula (F, n = 13) were included in the study. The NF was supplemented with 18.

Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid absorption in preterm infants fed LCP-free or LCP-supplemented formula in comparison to infants fed fortified breast milk.

The absorption of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) with particular respect to docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied in 39 very-low-birth-weight infants appropriate for gestational age after a 10-day feeding period. The infants were fed either a LCP-supplemented formula (n = 11), or a LCP-free formula (n = 11) or breast milk fortified with protein and carbohydrates to have similar protein and energy intakes as in the formula-fed infants (n = 17). Total fat content and fatty acid profile were measured in the human milk, the two formulas, and in the stool samples.

Bile acid concentrations in serum and duodenal aspirates of healthy preterm infants: effects of gestational and postnatal age.

In 41 healthy human-milk-fed preterm infants the preprandial total bile acid (BA) concentrations in serum and duodenal juice were simultaneous measured during the first 60 days of life. The infants were subdivided into four groups according to their gestational age: 6 infants with a gestational age of 27 and 28 weeks, 7 infants with a gestational age of 29 and 30 weeks, 21 infants with a gestational age of 31 and 32 weeks and 7 infants with a gestational age of 33 and 34 weeks. The BA levels were enzymatically determined using 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.

Limited fat digestion in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

In 10 hyaline membrane disease patients with development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, 16 hyaline membrane disease patients without development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and 12 very-low-birthweight infants without major medical problems, we measured the lipase and trypsin activity as well as the bile acids concentrations in preprandially aspirated duodenal juice. In addition, fat and nitrogen balances were performed during the 5th and 6th weeks of postnatal life. The mean duodenal lipase activity in the patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly lower than those of the patients without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4.

Activities of trypsin and lipase in duodenal aspirates of preterm infants: influence of dietary protein and fat composition.

The influence of three different feeding regimens on the activities of pancreatic lipase and trypsin in duodenal aspirates and on fecal nitrogen and fat excretion was studied in 35 healthy preterm infants after a 2-wk feeding period. Eleven infants received a standard preterm formula (without long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids), 12 were fed with an experimental formula that only differed from the standard formula in fat blend composition (with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids), and 12 infants received human milk fortified with protein and energy to have similar nitrogen and energy contents as the two formulas. There were no significant differences in duodenal trypsin activities among the groups.

Fecal cholesterol excretion in preterm infants fed breast milk or formula with different cholesterol contents.

In 44 very low-birth-weight infants, fecal cholesterol excretion was measured and in 29 other infants serum total cholesterol concentrations in response to different cholesterol intakes were studied. The infants received fortified breast milk (mean cholesterol content 15.3 mg/dl) or were fed either a standard preterm formula (cholesterol content 5.

Fortification of human milk: evaluation of a novel fortification scheme and of a new fortifier.

Human milk fed to very-low-birth-weight infants must be fortified with protein, minerals, and vitamins. We tested a new fortification regimen in which the amount of fortifier was adjusted on the basis of frequent determinations of serum urea nitrogen (SUN). A newly formulated fortifier based on bovine milk proteins was employed either in the new fashion (regimen ADJ) or in the conventional fixed proportion (regimen FIX).

Activities of trypsin and lipase in duodenal aspirates of healthy preterm infants: effects of gestational and postnatal age.

Lipase and trypsin activities were estimated in preprandially aspirated duodenal juice of preterm infants with gestational ages between 29 and 32 weeks (group I, n = 33) or between 33 and 36 weeks (group II, n = 22) during the first 6 weeks of postnatal life. The results were compared with the enzyme activities measured in 2- to 6-year-old children. There were no significant differences of the mean lipase or trypsin activities between the two groups lipase; group I 13.