Autophagic Flux Unleashes GATA4-NF-B Axis to Promote Antioxidant Defense-Dependent Survival of Colorectal Cancer Cells under Chronic Acidosis.

Solid tumors are usually associated with extracellular acidosis due to their increased dependence on glycolysis and poor vascularization. Cancer cells gradually become adapted to acidic microenvironment and even acquire increased aggressiveness. They are resistant to apoptosis but exhibit increased autophagy that is essential for their survival.

Lack of interferon-γ receptor results in a microenvironment favorable for intestinal tumorigenesis.

IFN-γ plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. IFN-γ signaling is also involved in tumorigenesis, with both pro- and antitumor activities documented. We here report the characterization of intestinal tumorigenesis in ApcMin/+ mice that lack IFN-γ receptor.

GSH-dependent antioxidant defense contributes to the acclimation of colon cancer cells to acidic microenvironment.

Due to increased glycolysis and poor local perfusion, solid tumors are usually immersed in an acidic microenvironment. While extracellular acidosis is cytotoxic, cancer cells eventually become acclimated to it. While previous studies have addressed the acute effect of acidosis on cancer cells, little is known about how cancer cells survive chronic acidosis.

Berberine induces senescence of human glioblastoma cells by downregulating the EGFR-MEK-ERK signaling pathway.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and has a poor prognosis. We, here, report a potent antitumor effect of berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, on GBM. Berberine was found to have an IC50 that is much lower than temozolomide in vitro in U87, U251, and U118 glioblastoma cells.

Fabrication and photoactivity of a tunable-void SiOâ‚‚-TiOâ‚‚ core-shell structure on modified SiOâ‚‚ nanospheres by grafting an amphiphilic diblock copolymer using ARGET ATRP.

SiOâ‚‚-based composites have important applications in various technological fields. In this work, a tunablevoid SiOâ‚‚-TiOâ‚‚ core-shell structure was successfully prepared for the first time using SiOâ‚‚-polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)-polyoligo(ethylene glycol)methyl ether methacrylate (PO(EO)nMA) (n = 2, 5, and 8). An amphiphilic copolymer was used as the template, and calcination was performed using tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as the titanium source.

A cationic-cationic co-surfactant templating route for synthesizing well-defined multilamellar vesicular silica with an adjustable number of layers.

Vesicular mesoporous silica with well-defined multilamellar structures was prepared using didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB)/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a structure-directing agent. The number of vesicular silica layers can be tuned from 7 to 2 by changing the molar ratio of DDAB to CTAB.

Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is transactivated by p53 and induces p38-mediated cellular senescence in response to DNA damage.

Mammalian cells may undergo permanent growth arrest/senescence when they incur excessive DNA damage. As a key player during DNA damage response (DDR), p53 transactivates an array of target genes that are involved in various cellular processes including the induction of cellular senescence. Chemokine receptor CXCR2 was previously reported to mediate replicative and oncogene-induced senescence in a DDR and p53-dependent manner.

Berberine radiosensitizes human esophageal cancer cells by downregulating homologous recombination repair protein RAD51.

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) have poor prognosis. While combined modality of chemotherapy and radiotherapy increases survival, most patients die within five years. Development of agents that confer cancer cell-specific chemo- and radiosensitivity may improve the therapy of ESCC.