Just a gut feeling: Faecal microbiota transplant for treatment of depression - A mini-review.

Background: The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) allows bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota (GM) and is believed to contribute to regulating mood/cognition/behaviour/metabolism/health and homeostasis. Manipulation of GM through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a new, exciting and promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: This mini-review examines current research into GM and FMT as a therapy for depression.

Ketamine cystitis following ketamine therapy for treatment-resistant depression - case report.

Background: Ketamine is a novel and exciting putative antidepressant medication for patients with treatment-resistant depression. A complication commonly seen in frequent and heavy recreational use of ketamine is ulcerative cystitis, which presents with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and upper renal tract damage and can be seen in over 25% of regular users. Although Ketamine-induced cystitis (KIC) is a recognised complication in recreational use of ketamine, its occurrence in therapeutic use of ketamine in depression has so far not been reported.

Microsatellite Instability: A Predictive Biomarker for Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy has shown promising results in various types of cancers. Checkpoint inhibitor drugs developed for cancer immunotherapy have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for patients with advanced melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancers, and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. In the latest announcement, the FDA has granted accelerated approval to pembrolizumab for pediatric and adult patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient solid tumors.

Intestinal and Extraintestinal Cancers Associated With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with its 2 most common entities, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, causes an increased risk of developing intestinal cancers. In fact, malignancies are the second most common cause of death after cardiovascular diseases in both sexes of patients with IBD. Risk factors for colorectal cancer in IBD correlate with the duration of the disease, extent of disease, the association with primary sclerosing cholangitis, family history, and early age at onset.

Expending Role of Microsatellite Instability in Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancers.

Background: Colorectal carcinomas with high-frequency microsatellite instability (MSI-H) account for 15% of all colorectal cancers, including 12% of sporadic cases and 3% of cancers associated with Lynch syndrome (also known as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome, HNPCC). Lynch syndrome is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome, caused by germline mutations in mismatch repair genes, including MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2.

Methods: Published articles from peer-reviewed journals were obtained from PubMed, Google Scholar and Clinicaltrials.