The Influences of Macronutrients on Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Fracture Risk in Elderly People: A Review of Human Studies.

Osteoporosis is a health condition that involves weak bone mass and a deteriorated microstructure, which consequently lead to an increased risk of bone fractures with age. In elderly people, a fracture attributable to osteoporosis elevates mortality. The objective of this review was to examine the effects of macronutrients on bone mineral density (BMD), bone turnover markers (BTMs), and bone fracture in elderly people based on human studies.

A Structural Equation Modelling Approach to Determine Factors of Bone Mineral Density in Korean Women.

Background: no studies have assessed the associations of nutrient intake, physical activity, age, and body mass index (BMI) with bone mineral density (BMD) using structural equation modelling (SEM) in Korean women. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of nutrient intakes, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) on BMD in Korean premenopausal and postmenopausal women, with the SEM approach, based on the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) 2008-2011.

Methods: SEM analysis was performed with 4160 women (2863 premenopausal women and 1297 postmenopausal women) aged 30-75 years in order to investigate total, direct, or mediating effects of nutrient intake, physical activity, age, and BMI on BMD.