Growth-based monolithic 3D integration of single-crystal 2D semiconductors.

The demand for the three-dimensional (3D) integration of electronic components is steadily increasing. Despite substantial processing challenges, the through-silicon-via (TSV) technique emerges as the only viable method for integrating single-crystalline device components in a 3D format. Although monolithic 3D (M3D) integration schemes show promise, the seamless connection of single-crystalline semiconductors without intervening wafers has yet to be demonstrated.

Route to Enhancing Remote Epitaxy of Perovskite Complex Oxide Thin Films.

Remote epitaxy is taking center stage in creating freestanding complex oxide thin films with high crystallinity that could serve as an ideal building block for stacking artificial heterostructures with distinctive functionalities. However, there exist technical challenges, particularly in the remote epitaxy of perovskite oxides associated with their harsh growth environments, making the graphene interlayer difficult to survive. Transferred graphene, typically used for creating a remote epitaxy template, poses limitations in ensuring the yield of perovskite films, especially when pulsed laser deposition (PLD) growth is carried out, since graphene degradation can be easily observed.

Poly(ethylene) Oxide Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries Using Microsized Silicon/Carbon Anodes with Enhanced Rate Capability and Cyclability.

Silicon (Si) has been widely studied as one of the promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) because of its ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity and low working voltage. However, the poor interfacial stability of silicon against conventional liquid electrolytes has largely impeded its practical use. Therefore, the combination of silicon-based anodes and solid electrolytes has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years.

Mixed-Dimensional Integration of 3D-on-2D Heterostructures for Advanced Electronics.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional properties requisite for next-generation electronics, including ultrahigh carrier mobility, superior mechanical flexibility, and unusual optical characteristics. Despite their great potential, one of the major technical difficulties toward lab-to-fab transition exists in the seamless integration of 2D materials with classic material systems, typically composed of three-dimensional (3D) materials. Owing to the self-passivated nature of 2D surfaces, it is particularly challenging to achieve well-defined interfaces when forming 3D materials on 2D materials (3D-on-2D) heterostructures.

Thermal Dehydrogenation Impact on Positive Bias Stability of Amorphous InSnZnO Thin-Film Transistors.

Recently, the growing demand for amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (AOS TFTs) with high mobility and good stability to implement ultrahigh-resolution displays has made tracking the role of hydrogen in oxide semiconductor films increasingly important. Hydrogen is an essential element that contributes significantly to the field effect mobility and bias stability characteristics of AOS TFTs. However, because hydrogen is the lightest atom and has high reactivity to metal and oxide materials, elucidating its impact on AOS thin films has been challenging.

The future of two-dimensional semiconductors beyond Moore's law.

The primary challenge facing silicon-based electronics, crucial for modern technological progress, is difficulty in dimensional scaling. This stems from a severe deterioration of transistor performance due to carrier scattering when silicon thickness is reduced below a few nanometres. Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors still maintain their electrical characteristics even at sub-nanometre scales and offer the potential for monolithic three-dimensional (3D) integration.

Preventive effect of aripiprazole once-monthly on relapse into mood episodes in bipolar disorder: A multicenter, one-year, retrospective, mirror image study.

Background: We conducted a one-year, retrospective, mirror-image study to investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of aripiprazole once monthly (AOM) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). We compared pre-treatment conditions with outcomes after 12 months of AOM treatment.

Methods: Seventy-five bipolar patients were recruited from 12 hospitals in Korea.

Monolithic 3D integration of 2D materials-based electronics towards ultimate edge computing solutions.

Three-dimensional (3D) hetero-integration technology is poised to revolutionize the field of electronics by stacking functional layers vertically, thereby creating novel 3D circuity architectures with high integration density and unparalleled multifunctionality. However, the conventional 3D integration technique involves complex wafer processing and intricate interlayer wiring. Here we demonstrate monolithic 3D integration of two-dimensional, material-based artificial intelligence (AI)-processing hardware with ultimate integrability and multifunctionality.

Recent Advances and Future Prospects for Memristive Materials, Devices, and Systems.

Memristive technology has been rapidly emerging as a potential alternative to traditional CMOS technology, which is facing fundamental limitations in its development. Since oxide-based resistive switches were demonstrated as memristors in 2008, memristive devices have garnered significant attention due to their biomimetic memory properties, which promise to significantly improve power consumption in computing applications. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in memristive technology, including memristive devices, theory, algorithms, architectures, and systems.

Toward High-Performance Metal-Organic-Framework-Based Quasi-Solid-State Electrolytes: Tunable Structures and Electrochemical Properties.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been reported as promising materials for electrochemical applications owing to their tunable porous structures and ion-sieving capability. However, it remains challenging to rationally design MOF-based electrolytes for high-energy lithium batteries. In this work, by combining advanced characterization and modeling tools, a series of nanocrystalline MOFs is designed, and the effects of pore apertures and open metal sites on ion-transport properties and electrochemical stability of MOF quasi-solid-state electrolytes are systematically studied.

Vertical full-colour micro-LEDs via 2D materials-based layer transfer.

Micro-LEDs (µLEDs) have been explored for augmented and virtual reality display applications that require extremely high pixels per inch and luminance. However, conventional manufacturing processes based on the lateral assembly of red, green and blue (RGB) µLEDs have limitations in enhancing pixel density. Recent demonstrations of vertical µLED displays have attempted to address this issue by stacking freestanding RGB LED membranes and fabricating top-down, but minimization of the lateral dimensions of stacked µLEDs has been difficult.

Unravelling the Complex LiOH-Based Cathode Chemistry in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries.

The LiOH-based cathode chemistry has demonstrated potential for high-energy Li-O batteries. However, the understanding of such complex chemistry remains incomplete. Herein, we use the combined experimental methods with ab initio calculations to study LiOH chemistry.

Circularly polarized light-sensitive, hot electron transistor with chiral plasmonic nanoparticles.

The quantitative detection of circularly polarized light (CPL) is necessary in next-generation optical communication carrying high-density information and in phase-controlled displays exhibiting volumetric imaging. In the current technology, multiple pixels of different wavelengths and polarizers are required, inevitably resulting in high loss and low detection efficiency. Here, we demonstrate a highly efficient CPL-detecting transistor composed of chiral plasmonic nanoparticles with a high Khun's dissymmetry (g-factor) of 0.

Advances in Lithium-Oxygen Batteries Based on Lithium Hydroxide Formation and Decomposition.

The rechargeable lithium-oxygen (Li-O) batteries have been considered one of the promising energy storage systems owing to their high theoretical energy density. As an alternative to Li-O batteries based on lithium peroxide (LiO) cathode, cycling Li-O batteries the formation and decomposition of lithium hydroxide (LiOH) has demonstrated great potential for the development of practical Li-O batteries. However, the reversibility of LiOH-based cathode chemistry remains unclear at the fundamental level.

Synaptic transistors based on a tyrosine-rich peptide for neuromorphic computing.

In this article, we propose an artificial synaptic device based on a proton-conducting peptide material. By using the redox-active property of tyrosine, the Tyr-Tyr-Ala-Cys-Ala-Tyr-Tyr peptide film was utilized as a gate insulator that shows synaptic plasticity owing to the formation of proton electric double layers. The ion gating effects on the transfer characteristics and temporal current responses are shown.

Vacuum-free solution-based metallization (VSM) of a-IGZO using trimethylaluminium solution.

This research demonstrates a method to reduce the resistance of amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) using a "vacuum-free solution-based metallization" (VSM) process, which revolutionizes the metallization process thanks to its simplicity, by simply dipping the a-IGZO into trimethyl aluminium (TMA, (CH)Al) solution. From the XPS results, it was found that oxygen vacancies were generated after the VSM process, resulting in the enhanced conductivity. Various metallization time and solution temperature conditions were investigated, and the measured conductivity of the a-IGZO could be enhanced up to 20.

Probing Potassium-Ion Intercalation-Induced Amorphization in Crystalline Iron Phosphate Cathode Materials.

Na-ion and K-ion batteries are promising alternatives for large-scale energy storage due to their abundance and low cost. Intercalation of these large ions could cause irreversible structural deformation and partial to complete amorphization in the crystalline electrodes. A lack of understanding of the dynamic changes in the amorphous nanostructure during battery operation is the bottleneck for further developments.

On-CMOS Image Sensor Processing for Lane Detection.

This paper presents a CMOS image sensor (CIS) with built-in lane detection computing circuits for automotive applications. We propose on-CIS processing with an edge detection mask used in the readout circuit of the conventional CIS structure for high-speed lane detection. Furthermore, the edge detection mask can detect the edges of slanting lanes to improve accuracy.

Prognosis Score System to Predict Survival for COVID-19 Cases: a Korean Nationwide Cohort Study.

Background: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues, an initial risk-adapted allocation is crucial for managing medical resources and providing intensive care.

Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify factors that predict the overall survival rate for COVID-19 cases and develop a COVID-19 prognosis score (COPS) system based on these factors. In addition, disease severity and the length of hospital stay for patients with COVID-19 were analyzed.

Proton-enabled activation of peptide materials for biological bimodal memory.

The process of memory and learning in biological systems is multimodal, as several kinds of input signals cooperatively determine the weight of information transfer and storage. This study describes a peptide-based platform of materials and devices that can control the coupled conduction of protons and electrons and thus create distinct regions of synapse-like performance depending on the proton activity. We utilized tyrosine-rich peptide-based films and generalized our principles by demonstrating both memristor and synaptic devices.

Design of an Edge-Detection CMOS Image Sensor with Built-in Mask Circuits.

In this paper, we propose a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor (CIS) that has built-in mask circuits to selectively capture either edge-detection images or normal 8-bit images for low-power computer vision applications. To detect the edges of images in the CIS, neighboring column data are compared in in-column memories after column-parallel analog-to-digital conversion with the proposed mask. The proposed built-in mask circuits are implemented in the CIS without a complex image signal processer to obtain edge images with high speed and low power consumption.

Quantitative analysis of the coupling between proton and electron transport in peptide/manganese oxide hybrid films.

Understanding how electrons and protons move in a coupled manner and affect one another is important to the design of proton-electron conductors and achieving biological transport in synthetic materials. In this study, a new methodology is proposed that allows for the quantification of the degree of coupling between electrons and protons in tyrosine-rich peptides and metal oxide hybrid films at room temperature under a voltage bias. This approach is developed according to the Onsager principle, which has been thoroughly established for the investigation of mixed ion-electron conductors with electron and oxide ion vacancies as carriers at high temperatures.

Hierarchically Porous Co-MOF-74 Hollow Nanorods for Enhanced Dynamic CO Separation.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with coordinatively unsaturated (open) metal sites have been intensively investigated in gas separations because their active sites can selectively interact with targeted molecules such as CO. Although such MOFs have shown to exhibit exceptional CO uptake capacity at equilibrium, the dynamic separation behavior is often not satisfactory to be considered in practical applications. Herein, we report a facile and efficient self-sacrifice template strategy based on the nanoscale Kirkendall effect to form novel Co-MOF-74 hollow nanorods enabling adsorption/desorption of gas molecules in a facilitated manner.

Physically Transient Field-Effect Transistors Based on Black Phosphorus.

Black phosphorus (BP) has shown great potential as a semiconductor material beyond graphene and MoS because of its intrinsic band gap and high mobility. Moreover, the biocompatibility of the final biodegradation products of BP has led to extensive research on biomedical applications. Herein, physically transient field-effect transistors (FETs) based on black phosphorus have been demonstrated using peptide insulator as a gate dielectric layer.