Tissue engineering in growth plate cartilage regeneration: Mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.

The repair of growth plate injuries is a highly complex process that involves precise spatiotemporal regulation of multiple cell types. While significant progress has been made in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying growth plate injuries, effectively regulating this process to regenerate the injured growth plate cartilage remains a challenge. Tissue engineering technology has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach for achieving tissue regeneration through the use of functional biological materials, seed cells and biological factors, and it is now widely applied to the regeneration of bone and cartilage.

Risk factor analysis for tibial tubercle avulsion fractures in children.

Purpose: Tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (TTAFs) are rare in children, particularly bilateral TTAFs. This study aimed to elucidate the associating factors of TTAF, and compare the risk factor profiles of unilateral and bilateral injuries, thus provide clinical theoretical basis for reducing the occurrence of TTAFs.

Methods: TTAF paediatric patients who were hospitalized between April 2017 and November 2022 were retrospectively analysed.

A Novel Method for Treating Distal Radius Diaphyseal Metaphyseal Junction Fracture in Children.

BACKGROUND The treatment of distal radius diaphyseal metaphyseal junction (DMJ) fracture in children is a clinical problem; several treatments are available, but none are very effective. Therefore, this study aimed to report a novel method for treating this fracture using limited open reduction and transepiphyseal intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wire. MATERIAL AND METHODS From January 2018 to December 2019, a total of 15 children (13 boys and 2 girls) with distal radius DMJ fractures with a mean age of 10 years (range: 6-14 years) were included in the study.

3D bioprinted hydrogel/polymer scaffold with factor delivery and mechanical support for growth plate injury repair.

Growth plate injury is a significant challenge in clinical practice, as it could severely affect the limb development of children, leading to limb deformity. Tissue engineering and 3D bioprinting technology have great potential in the repair and regeneration of injured growth plate, but there are still challenges associated with achieving successful repair outcomes. In this study, GelMA hydrogel containing PLGA microspheres loaded with chondrogenic factor PTH(1-34) was combined with BMSCs and Polycaprolactone (PCL) to develop the PTH(1-34)@PLGA/BMSCs/GelMA-PCL scaffold using bio-3D printing technology.

Injectable hydrogel loaded with bilayer microspheres to inhibit angiogenesis and promote cartilage regeneration for repairing growth plate injury.

The repair and regeneration of growth plate injuries using tissue engineering techniques remains a challenge due to large bone bridge formation and low chondrogenic efficiency. In this study, a bilayer drug-loaded microspheres was developed that contains the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor, Bevacizumab, on the outer layer and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a cartilage repair factor, on the inner layer. The microspheres were then combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel to create a composite hydrogel with good injectability and biocompatibility.

Multifunctional 3D-printed bioceramic scaffolds: Recent strategies for osteosarcoma treatment.

Osteosarcoma is the most prevalent bone malignant tumor in children and teenagers. The bone defect, recurrence, and metastasis after surgery severely affect the life quality of patients. Clinically, bone grafts are implanted.

Biomaterial-assisted tumor therapy: A brief review of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and its composites used in bone tumors therapy.

Malignant bone tumors can inflict significant damage to affected bones, leaving patients to contend with issues like residual tumor cells, bone defects, and bacterial infections post-surgery. However, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp), the principal inorganic constituent of natural bone, possess numerous advantages such as high biocompatibility, bone conduction ability, and a large surface area. Moreover, nHAp's nanoscale particle size enables it to impede the growth of various tumor cells diverse pathways.

Application of three-dimensional printed navigation templates to correct lower limb deformities in children by the guided growth technique.

Objective: Currently, individualized navigation templates are rarely applied in pediatric orthopedic surgery. This study aimed to explore the potential of navigation templates obtained using computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing to correct lower limb deformities in children by the guided growth technique.

Methods: We prospectively studied 45 children with leg length discrepancy (LLD) or lower limb angular deformities, who underwent guided growth surgery involving 8-plate.

A New Method for Modeling Rabbit Growth Plate Injury for the Study of Tissue Engineering Scaffolds.

Establishing a suitable animal model of growth plate injury is necessary to evaluate the effect of tissue engineering scaffolds on repairing the injured growth plate. However, the currently used animal models have limitations. Therefore in this study, we reported and evaluated a new modeling method termed the longitudinal disruption method, which is to make a longitudinal defect in the region of growth plate.

Multiresolution Modeling of High-Latitude Ionospheric Electric Field Variability and Impact on Joule Heating Using SuperDARN Data.

The most dynamic electromagnetic coupling between the magnetosphere and ionosphere occurs in the polar upper atmosphere. It is critical to quantify the electromagnetic energy and momentum input associated with this coupling as its impacts on the ionosphere and thermosphere system are global and major, often leading to considerable disturbances in near-Earth space environments. The current general circulation models of the upper atmosphere exhibit systematic biases that can be attributed to an inadequate representation of the Joule heating rate resulting from unaccounted stochastic fluctuations of electric fields associated with the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.

Anteroposterior pelvic radiograph is not sufficient to confirm hip reduction after conservative treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph alone is sufficient to confirm hip reduction after conservative treatment or whether MRI could be alternatively performed. A total of 133 children (145 hips) were enrolled. All children were examined by anteroposterior pelvic radiographs and MRI.

Limited Open Reduction and Transepiphyseal Intramedullary Kirschner Wire Fixation for Treatment of Irreducible Distal Radius Diaphyseal Metaphyseal Junction Fracture in Older Children.

Objective: This study aimed to compare limited open reduction and transepiphyseal intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wire (LOR-TIKW) versus open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screw (ORIF-PS) for treatment of irreducible distal radius diaphyseal-metaphyseal junction (DMJ) fracture in older children.

Methods: Data of children (aged 10-14 years) treated in our hospital for distal radius DMJ fractures with LOR-TIKW or ORIF-PS from January 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up was until radiographic union.

Closed Reduction Percutaneous Intramedullary Fixation with Kirschner Wires in 4 Children with Displaced Fractures of the Distal Humerus.

BACKGROUND This study describes the use of closed reduction percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wires in 4 children with displaced metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction (MDJ) fractures of the distal humerus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between August 2016 and August 2019, 4 patients (3 boys and 1 girl), whose mean age was 4 years 5 months (range: 3 years 6 months to 5 years 4 months), with displaced MDJ fractures of the distal humerus were treated using closed reduction percutaneous intramedullary fixation with Kirschner wires. Three of the fractures were oblique and 1 was transverse.

Integrating deep learning and unbiased automated high-content screening to identify complex disease signatures in human fibroblasts.

Drug discovery for diseases such as Parkinson's disease are impeded by the lack of screenable cellular phenotypes. We present an unbiased phenotypic profiling platform that combines automated cell culture, high-content imaging, Cell Painting, and deep learning. We applied this platform to primary fibroblasts from 91 Parkinson's disease patients and matched healthy controls, creating the largest publicly available Cell Painting image dataset to date at 48 terabytes.

The comparison of teaching efficiency between virtual reality and traditional education in medical education: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Virtual reality (VR) technology has developed rapidly in recent years and has been applied in many fields, including medical education. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the examination pass rate of medical students educated using VR and those receiving traditional education to evaluate the teaching effect of VR in medical education.

Methods: The PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library were searched from inception to May 2020.

A machine learning approach to define antimalarial drug action from heterogeneous cell-based screens.

Drug resistance threatens the effective prevention and treatment of an ever-increasing range of human infections. This highlights an urgent need for new and improved drugs with novel mechanisms of action to avoid cross-resistance. Current cell-based drug screens are, however, restricted to binary live/dead readouts with no provision for mechanism of action prediction.

Learning causal networks using inducible transcription factors and transcriptome-wide time series.

We present IDEA (the Induction Dynamics gene Expression Atlas), a dataset constructed by independently inducing hundreds of transcription factors (TFs) and measuring timecourses of the resulting gene expression responses in budding yeast. Each experiment captures a regulatory cascade connecting a single induced regulator to the genes it causally regulates. We discuss the regulatory cascade of a single TF, Aft1, in detail; however, IDEA contains > 200 TF induction experiments with 20 million individual observations and 100,000 signal-containing dynamic responses.

Correcting nuisance variation using Wasserstein distance.

Profiling cellular phenotypes from microscopic imaging can provide meaningful biological information resulting from various factors affecting the cells. One motivating application is drug development: morphological cell features can be captured from images, from which similarities between different drug compounds applied at different doses can be quantified. The general approach is to find a function mapping the images to an embedding space of manageable dimensionality whose geometry captures relevant features of the input images.

Bile-ology: from bench to bedside.

Bile acids (BAs) are originally known as detergents essential for the digestion and absorption of lipids. In recent years, extensive research has unveiled new functions of BAs as gut hormones that modulate physiological and pathological processes, including glucose and lipid metabolism, energy expenditure, inflammation, tumorigenesis, cardiovascular disease, and even the central nervous system in addition to cholesterol homeostasis, enterohepatic protection and liver regeneration. BAs are closely linked with gut microbiota which might explain some of their crucial roles in organs.

A MULTI-RESOLUTION MODEL FOR NON-GAUSSIAN RANDOM FIELDS ON A SPHERE WITH APPLICATION TO IONOSPHERIC ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS.

Gaussian random fields have been one of the most popular tools for analyzing spatial data. However, many geophysical and environmental processes often display non-Gaussian characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new class of spatial models for non-Gaussian random fields on a sphere based on a multi-resolution analysis.

[Bio-modification of polyhydroxyalkanoates and its biocompatibility with chondrocytes].

Objective: To study the hydrophilicity and the cell biocompatibility of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co- 3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) and poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) coated with a fusion protein polyhydroxyalkanoates granule binding protein (PhaP) fused with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide (PhaP-RGD).

Methods: PHBV and PHBHHx films were fabricated by solvent evaporation. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of the films.