Cost-consequence analysis of continuous denosumab therapy for osteoporosis treatment in South Korea.

Background: Insurance reimbursement provisions in South Korea limit osteoporosis medication availability for patients with T-scores exceeding - 2.5. This study aimed to evaluate the financial impact and fracture prevention of continuous denosumab therapy until a T-score>-2.

Fast, facile and thermal damage free nanowelding of Ag nanowire for flexible transparent conductive film by pressure-assisted microwave irradiation.

A fast and straightforward fabrication process for producing a robust, flexible, and transparent conductive film was demonstrated using nanowelding of Ag nanowires through pressure-assisted microwave irradiation. This innovative process effectively reduces the sheet resistance of the Ag nanowire transparent conductive film without causing any thermal distortion to the PET substrate. The microwave irradiation induces nanowelding between Ag nanowires, leading to a decrease in sheet resistance by forming nanowelding junctions.

Collateral impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use of healthcare resources among people with disabilities.

Objective: We assessed the collateral impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare service use among people with disabilities.

Methods: We utilized the COVID-19 database from the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims from 2015 until June 2020. We included 5,850 people with disabilities and matched 5,850 without disabilities among those who were neither tested nor diagnosed with COVID-19.

An effective chemical pretreatment method for lignocellulosic biomass with substituted imidazoles.

Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant naturally renewable organic resource for biofuel production. Because of its recalcitrance to enzymatic degradation, pretreatment is a crucial step before hydrolysis of the feedstock. A variety of pretreatment methods have been developed and intensively studied to achieve optimal yield without imposing significant adverse impact on the environment.

Protein engineering of cellulases.

This review covers the topic of protein engineering of cellulases, mostly after 2009. Two major trends that are identified in this work are: first, the increased importance of results from computational protein engineering to drive ideas in the field, as experimental ideas and results often are still scarce, and, second, the further development of helper proteins for cellulose hydrolysis, such as lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPO). The discussion in this work focuses both on improved attributes of cellulases and on the domains of cellulase that have been improved.