Adolescent gut microbiome imbalance and its association with immune response in inflammatory bowel diseases and obesity.

Background: Recently, there has been an increase in the number of studies focusing on the association between the gut microbiome and obesity or inflammatory diseases, especially in adults. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the association between gut microbiome and gastrointestinal (GI) diseases in adolescents.

Method: We obtained 16S rRNA-seq datasets for gut microbiome analysis from 202 adolescents, comprising ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), obesity (Ob), and healthy controls (HC).

Plasma Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 as a Biomarker Performs Well in the Diagnosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis.

We found several blood biomarkers through computational secretome analyses, including aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10), which reflected the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). After confirming that hepatic AKR1B10 reflected the progression of NAFLD in a subgroup with NAFLD, we evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of plasma AKR1B10 and other biomarkers for the diagnosis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis in replication cohort. We enrolled healthy control subjects and patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD ( = 102) and evaluated the performance of various diagnostic markers.

A comprehensive evaluation of regression-based drug responsiveness prediction models, using cell viability inhibitory concentrations (IC50 values).

Motivation: Predicting drug response is critical for precision medicine. Diverse methods have predicted drug responsiveness, as measured by the half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration (IC50), in cultured cells. Although IC50s are continuous, traditional prediction models have dealt mainly with binary classification of responsiveness.

A Deep Learning Model for Cell Growth Inhibition IC50 Prediction and Its Application for Gastric Cancer Patients.

Heterogeneity in intratumoral cancers leads to discrepancies in drug responsiveness, due to diverse genomics profiles. Thus, prediction of drug responsiveness is critical in precision medicine. So far, in drug responsiveness prediction, drugs' molecular "fingerprints", along with mutation statuses, have not been considered.

Anti-inflammatory Effects of Flavonoids on TNBS-induced Colitis of Rats.

It has been shown that the extracts including eupatilin and quercetin-3-β-D-glucuronopyranoside had mucoprotective effects on the esophagus and stomach through their antioxidant activities. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of these flavonoid compounds in an animal model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Experimental colitis was induced by intracolonic administration of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid.

Acid-induced COX-2 expression and prostaglandin E2 production via activation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in cultured feline esophageal smooth muscle cells.

Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is known to play an important role in inflammatory conditions such as reflux esophagitis resulting from acid reflux. In this study, we tested whether an acidic medium (pH 4.0) induces an increase in COX-2 expression or PGE(2) production, and explored the implication of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in these responses in cultured cat esophageal smooth muscle cells.