QCD challenges from pp to AA collisions: 4th edition.

This paper is a write-up of the ideas that were presented, developed and discussed at the fourth International Workshop on QCD Challenges from pp to AA, which took place in February 2023 in Padua, Italy. The goal of the workshop was to focus on some of the open questions in the field of high-energy heavy-ion physics and to stimulate the formulation of concrete suggestions for making progresses on both the experimental and theoretical sides. The paper gives a brief introduction to each topic and then summarizes the primary results.

Bran diet for an earlier resolution of post-operative ileus.

The effect of a pre-operative high fibre diet on the resolution of ileus following cholecystectomy has been evaluated. The time needed to restore canalization of the gastro-intestinal tract has been compared in two random groups of patients (a total of thirty-eight) one treated with wheat bran and the other as control without the diet supplementation. The average persistence of ileus was 24 hours in the treated group and 54 hours in the control group.