[Dependence of the thoracic abdominal ratio of the respiration parameters on body positioning relative to the vector of gravity].

Abdominal and thoracic functional reserves of respiration and level of their involvement in spontaneous breathing were investigated in 10 male volunteers aged 20 to 22 put in horizontal head-down (-7 degrees and -30 degrees) or orthostatic (+70 degrees) position. The thoracic-abdominal functional reserves of respiration dependent on the spatial positioning of the body were found to be the factor that determines magnitude of contribution of the thorax and diaphragm in the breathing volume.

[Organization of patient intake at private dental institutions].

Scientifically-based organization of consultations and treatment of patients at dental institutions is proposed, based on the balance between the time spent by patients in the queue and the equipment downtime. The proposed organization will decrease the total duration of treatment.

[Comparative analysis of responses of the thoracic and abdominal respiration components to hypercapnia and muscular work].

The ratio of thoracic and abdominal contribution to ventilatory responses to hypercapnia in humans was found to depend on the initial ratio of thoracic and abdominal breathing reserves as determined by the body position in space. In muscular work, participation of the respiratory muscles in locomotor loads becomes a factor affecting the ratio of thoracic and abdominal components of ventilatory response.

[The system of training future leaders in public health].

The authors analyze the present-day status of the system of training specialists in public health organization in Russia. Based on the experience gained in St. Petersburg, they demonstrate that full-time training combined with studies by correspondence is the most effective approach to preparing such specialists.

[Organization of urgent surgical treatment for complicated colonic cancers in a large industrial city].

The study was concerned with evaluating the results of follow-up of 756 cases of complications of colorectal cancers urgently admitted for surgery to four hospitals of St. Petersburg. Most patients were hospitalized late when complications diagnosed as an acute disease of organs of the abdominal cavity were apparent.

[The characteristics of the reactions of the abdominal and thoracic components in respiration to progressive hypercapnia].

The total, abdominal and thoracic pneumograms were recorded at resting and in the course of progressing hypercapnia in humans. At the initial stage, the quantitative contribution of either abdominal or thoracic components to the breathing volume was rather individualised.

[The dynamic function of the motor apparatus of the respiratory system during maximal voluntary hyperventilation under hypoxia and hypercapnia].

The working ability in the course of hyperventilation can be divided into three stages: the adaptation, stable working ability, the fatigue. Hypoxia decreased the duration and intensity of voluntary hyperventilation. During hypercapnia, the hyperventilation is more intensive and shorter.

[Fund for social development of regional health care coalitions in the conditions of collective bargaining].

The introduction of economic incentives, the utilization of a fund for social development of institutions considerably increased the intensification of labour, improved health care indicators and the accessibility of health care for the population. The expedient form of work appeared to be collective bargaining which considerably expanded the rights of the leader and collective. ++ Interdepartmental cost-accountable relations with the future introduction of ++intra-structural cost-accountable relations is a prospective form of health services administration and management.

[Clinico-organizational aspects of prevention of mortality among urban and rural population].

The article entitled "Clinico-organizational aspects of preventing mortality among urban and rural population" provides results of the comprehensive socio-hygienic survey of the health status of urban and rural population residing in Leningrad region in the light of influence by modern urban environmental factors. With the help of information-retrieval system more than 44 thousand of survey items were processed. A comprehensive review of mortality rates is provided, serious shortcomings in the prevention of mortality are revealed.

[The control of respiratory volume by instrumental feedback under hypoxia and hypercapnia in rats].

The biofeedback was used in the training of rats to decrease their spontaneous tidal volume in conditions of normoxia, hypoxia and hypercapnia. All rats decreased tidal volume in the ranges equal to 1.0 VT and 0.

[Economic attitudes in the activities of therapeutic-prophylactic facilities under the conditions of new economic mechanisms].

For two years an experiment on restructuring of health services system is being conducted in Leningrad. The economic mechanisms are being introduced into the health services system which allow health authorities, using internal resources, to considerably improve the delivery of medical care for the population. The introduction of economic incentives into the system of payment for labour, the use of some economic mechanisms into the co-operation between medical institutions led to considerable intensification of labour, improved the discipline and performance indices of medical institutions.

[Effect of mass screening on various health indicators of the population and the activities of medical institutions].

The carrying-out of overall dispensarization is associated with considerable rise in the amount of medical care, since, among other things, there is a dramatic increase in the detection of diseases, the number of visits to curative and preventive establishments, and requirements in diagnostic means and curative and health-promoting activities. Under overall dispensarization at the territory divided into smaller units, the major amount of medical activity is fulfilled by territorial out-patient clinics and a district physician. However, the overall dispensarization at the territory divided into smaller units, produces a considerable social and medical effect, provides for cost-effectiveness of its activities.

[Reserves and problems of intensifying the work of professors and teachers at a medical institute].

Adequate organization of labour process and maximum efficacy of time outlays on the performance of basic functions of the work collective as a whole and its members individually are necessary for the intensification of labour activity of teachers of medical institutes. Actual time outlays of the teachers and professors on their main activity were studied through self motion-time study of daily labour process. Four hundred and thirty four 434 persons were covered by the study, during which 3570 charts were treated.